Munich Re Seminar Glossary
on Earthquake Reinsurance
16-17 Nov. 2000

(earthquake) intensity （地震）强度－梅卡利仪测量破坏程度 
(earthquake) magnitude （地震）烈度－里氏仪测量震感强度 
after shock 余震 
Alternative Risk Transfer 新型风险转移 
anti-seismic design （房屋）抗震设计 
Business interruption 营业中断险 
capacity 承保能力 
CAR construction all risks 建工一切险 或：建工险 
catastrophe XL 巨灾超赔 
CEA 加州地震局 
ceding company 分出公司 
contingent liquidity 或有流动性 
co-related risks 关联风险 
coverage 受保范围 
deductibles 免赔额 
EAR  erection all risks 安工一切险 或： 安工险 
earthquake exposure zone 地震风险区 
EQ - earthquake 地震  
excess of loss （XL) 超赔分保 
experience fund 经验基金 
exposure  暴露面 
exposure rating 风险评估 
facultative reinsurance 临时再保险(可选择的保险，非强制性的) 
FAS 13 No. 13 Financial Accounting Standard  
fault 断层 
financial quota shares 成数分保 
financial reinsurance 财务再保险 
finite risk reinsurance 有限风险再保险 
Finite risk transfer 有限风险转移 
GNPI Gross Net Premium Income 总净保费收入 
Holistic risk transfer 整体风险转移 
insurance securitization 保险证券化 
insured 被保险人 
insured loss 保险损失 
isoseismal 等震线 
limits 投保限额 
liquidity support 提供流动资金 
market retention 市场自留额 
NatCat Natural Catastrophe 
NatCat pooling 自然灾害共保 
non-proportional reinsurance 非比例再保险 
PML-possible maximum loss 可能最大损失 
Pool 共保组合、合保 
pool administrator 共保组合管理人 
post-financing 后融资 
post-funding 后融资 
pre-financing 先融资 
pre-funding 先融资 
priority (deductable) 优先（免赔额) 
proceeds 收益 
property covered 受保财产 
proportional reinsurance 比例再保险 
rate on line premium expressed as percentage of the limit It means that if the limit is 2 million USD and the premium is 100,000, then the Rate-on-line is 10%; If the premium is 200,000, then the Rate-on-line is 20%. 
recovery 追偿金 
reinstated 继单 
retention 自留额 
risk 风险 
risk carrier 风险承担人 
risk modeling companies  
risk premium 风险保费 
run-off  
securitization 证券化 
spot contract 现货合同 
spread 利差 
subsoil 下层土 
sum insured 保险金额 
tariff 费率表 
written premiums 承保保费 
XL 超赔分保 
CXL 巨灾超赔分保 

 
中英再保险词汇

张炜整理，冯京葆补充   1998年9月15日/1999年8月17日修订
acceptance policy 核保政策 
accounting period 结算期 
aggregate limit 累积限额 
aggregated loss 累积损失 
antiselection 逆选择 
ART (Alternative Risk Transfer) 新型风险转移 
balance 所欠款项 
barrages 堰坝 
captive pools 自保组合 
catastrophe risk 巨灾风险 
ceiding company 分出公司 
cession limit 分保限额 
claim-prone 容易出险 
claims assistance 理赔协助 
clean cut 结清方式 
coinsurance 共保 
commencement and termination 起讫 
cover 承保 
cover 责任额 
deposit premium 预付保费 
destroyed 毁坏 
earth caves 土坏房屋 
EPA  
event limit 事件限额 
ex gratia payments 通融赔款 
excess loss 超额赔款 
exclusion 除外责任 
exposed areas 风险承受区域 
facultative reinsurance 临时分保 
fault zone 断层区 
finite risk 有限制的风险 
flash floods 骤发洪水 
flooding of rivers 洪水泛滥 
frame structure 框架结构 
full coverage 全额承保 
full insurance value 足额保险价值 
full liability 全部责任 
Geophysics Institute 地球物理研究所 
GNPI 总净保费收入 
hailstorm 雹暴 
heavy damage 严重破坏 
hollow brick wall 空斗砖结构 
hour clause 小时条款 
hurricane 飓风 
individual losses 单一损失 
insurability 可保性 
insured losses 保险损失 
intensity 烈度 
layering 层次 
less exposed 损失可能性小 
liability 责任 
light damage 轻度破坏 
line slips 分保条 
loading 附加费 
loss occurrence 损失发生 
loss occurring basis 损失发生基础 
loss participation 分担损失 
loss settlement 损失赔付 
magnitude 震级 
malicious damage 恶意损害 
moderate damage 中度破坏 
multi-story building 多层建建筑 
Munich Re 慕尼黑再 
net retained lines 净自留额 
net retained losses 损失净自赔额 
no profit commission 无纯益风险 
non-proportional reinsurance 非比例再保险 
notification 告知 
object 标的 
obligatory reinsurance 固定分保 
original deductibles 原始免赔额 
original rate 原始费率 
paid-up capital 已付资本 
peak accelerator 峰值加速度 
peril 危险 
PICC Re 中保再 
placement 安排 
PML 可能最大损失 
policyholder 保单持有者 
pool 共保组合 
portfolio entry 未满期责任的出帐 
portfolio outgo 未满期责任的入帐 
premium 保费 
previous losses 既往损失 
priority 分保自留额 
priority 自付责任 
proportional reinsurance 比例再保险 
rainstorm 雨暴 
rating 费率 
reinforced concrete building 钢筋混凝土建筑 
reinstatement 恢复保额 
reinsured 分出公司 
reinsurer 再保险人 
retention 自留额 
retention areas 滞洪区 
return period 重现期 
revoke license 吊销营业执照 
seaquake 海震 
second event cover 第二事件承保 
securitization 证券化 
seismic damage 震害 
set-off 抵销 
shear wall structure 剪力墙结构 
single 险位超赔 
spread loss 分散风险 
stop loss 赔付率超赔 
storm surges 风暴潮 
susceptibility of goods to water 易受水浸性 
tariff 费率表 
TG 拐点周期 
tidal wave 海啸 
topographic map 地形图 
tornado 龙卷风 
total sum insured 总保额 
treaty-limits 合约限额 
tube structure 筒体结构 
underwriting policy 承保政策 
windstorm 风暴 
wooden frame structure 木结构房屋 

Coal Bed Methane and Hydrogen Related Terms
Contributed by Weihong Xie
January 1999

acetic anhydride 醋酐 
Air stream regularity 气流规律性 
aldehydes 醛 
alkene 烯“泾” 
ammonia synthesis 合成氨 
anode 正极 
anthracite(smianthracite) 无（半）烟煤 
be decomposed into 分解为 
blast gas 鼓风煤气 
brine electrolysis 电解水 
C/H ratio 碳氢比 
cathode 负极 
caustic industry 烧碱业 
cavity 沉陷 
chlorine industry 氯碱工业 
coal residue 煤渣 
coal seam 煤层 
coal-heading production 煤头生产 
coke 焦炭 
combined cycle power plant 联合循环发电厂 
combined heat and power generation (CHP) 热电联产 
conversion 转化 
dimethyl ether 二甲醚 
direct-adverse blasting 正、反向鼓风 
dry distillation gas 干馏（热解）煤气 
dry distillation zone 干馏干燥区 
E.E.E(energy efficiency, environment & economy) “环境、能效、经济”的生 
electricity grid 电网 
electrolyte 电解质 
energy carrier 载能体 
flowing resistance 通风阻力 
flue gas 废气 
formic acid 甲酸 
formic ester 甲脂 
formylation methanol 甲醇,羰基 
fuel cell 燃料电池 
gasification agent 气化剂 
gasification face 气化工作面 
gasification tunnel 气化通道 
gasifier 气化炉 
H:C mole ratio 氢碳摩尔比 
heat value 热值 
hexadecane number 十六烷值 
high-rank coals 高质煤 
hydrocracking 加氢裂化 
hydrodenitrogeneration 加氢脱氮 
hydrodesulfurization 加氢脱硫 
hydrogen production 制氢 
hydrogeneration processes 合成加氢 
hydrorefining 加氢精制 
injection hole 空气注入孔 
injection pipe 气化总管 
inlet hole 进气孔 
latent heat 潜热 
life cycle assessment 命周期研究方法 
lifecycle CO2 emissions 生命周期CO2排放 
lignites (brown coal) 褐煤 
liquefaction of coal 煤的液化 
long well 长壁 
low-volatile bituminous coals 低挥发烟煤 
metallic oxides 金属氧化物 
methanation 甲烷化 
methane 甲烷 
methanol 甲醇 
meto-super-critical 亚超临界 
millidarcy 毫达西 
nitrate 硝酸根 
nitrogenous fertilizer 氮肥 
no-shaft techniques 无井式工艺 
N-P-fertilizers 折氮硝酸磷肥 
oil shale 油页岩 
oxygenated chemicals 含氧化合物 
partial oxidation of hydrocarbons “泾”类部分氧化 
permeability 渗透度 
phosphate fertilizer 磷肥 
platinum 铂，白金 
pollutant discharge 污染物排放 
potassium fertilizer 钾肥 
proton membrane exchange fuel cell (PEM FC) 质子膜交换燃料电池 
reducing zone 还原区 
reforming 重整 
residual oil 渣油 
saline aquifers 盐碱含水层 
section 段面 
shaft building 建井 
slag 炉渣 
sorption isotherm 吸着等温线 
steam reforming 蒸气重整 
structural traps 结构封堵 
super-critical 超临界 
supply circularly water vapor 循环供给水煤气 
syngas 合成气 
syngas production from NG 天然气造气 
tectonic 大地构造的 
transformation reation 变换反应 
tunnel 通道 
underground coal gasification (UCG) 煤炭地下气化 
vent hole 出气孔 
waste rock 矸石 
water gas shift reation 水汽变换反应 
water-coal-slurry 水煤浆 
wellbore 钻井孔 
zone of oxidation 氧化区 

 
 

Worldwide Learning 公司有关词汇 
accrual accounting  权责发生制会计  tenant 条件 
agency ratings - corporate and personal 机构评级：企业和个人 special mention 
appetite for risk  风险偏好(风险承受度） doubtful  
benchmarking  同行业标准比较  
books of account  帐目  
client base  客户群  
client management  客户管理  
client segmentation   客户分类  
client's books of record  客户的资信记录  
collateral risk  抵押风险  
collections  清偿债务  
commercial accounts  商业客户  
common size and financial ratio analysis 百分比分析和财务比率分析  
compensation balances  补偿余额  
consumer credit  个人消费信贷  
credit reviews  信贷审查  
creditworthiness  信誉度  
current ratio  流动比率  
customer account management  客户管理  
customer profiling  客户概况  
customer profitability  & loan pricing 客户的赢利能力和贷款定价  
debt issuer ratings  债权人评级  
equity investments in real estate  房地产股本投资  
expected default frequency (EDF)  预计违约频率  
expected losses  预期亏损  
exposure policies  敞口策略  
exposure risk  敞口风险  
impact of trade debtors on cashflow 债务人对现金流量的影响  
interest rate & liquidity risks  利率与清算风险  
limit systems and credit screening  权限机制和信贷审查  
liquidity analysis  流动性分析  
loan administration  贷款管理  
loan defaults  贷款违约  
loan transfers  贷款转让  
News Corporation  新闻集团  
non-performing loans  不良贷款  
operational risk  经营风险  
position limits  头寸限额  
profit & loss account  损益表  
recovery risk  清收风险  
residential & commercial mortgages 住房按揭  
return on assets(ROA)  资产回报率  
return on equity(ROE)  股本回报率  
risk rating system  风险评级制度  
sales ledger  销售帐  
secondary mortgages  二次按揭  
securities safekeeping  证券保管  
securitization  证券化  
size of exposure  风险敞口的规模  
stock turnover  库存周转率  
sub-prime loans  次优等贷款  
terms for late/non-performing loans  逾期还款/未还款条款  
the weighted cost of funds & base rate 资金加权成本与基本利率  
third-party guarantee risks  第三方担保风险  
transaction limits  交易限制  
Virtual Learning Center(VTC)  虚拟学习中心  
working capital  流动资金/运营资金  
Worldwide Learning Ltd.(WWL)  环球教育公司  
 
 
常用词汇(updated)
A.
AA制 Dutch treatment; go Dutch
艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
爱丽舍宫 Elysée Palace
安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families
按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost
按揭贷款 mortgage loan
按劳分配 distribution according to one's performance
暗恋 unrequited love; fall in love with someone secretly
暗亏 hidden loss
澳门大三巴牌坊 Ruins of St. Paul
奥姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult
B.
巴黎证券交易所 Paris Bourse
把握大局 grasp the overall situation
白马王子 Prince Charming
白色行情表 white sheet
白色农业 white agriculture (also called "white engineering agriculture"; It refers to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture.)
白手起家 starting from scratch
白条 IOU note, IOU:债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来
白雪公主 Snow White
摆架子 put on airs
摆谱儿 put on airs; show off; keep up appearances
拜把兄弟 sworn brothers
拜年 pay New Year call
搬迁户 relocated families
半拉子工程 uncompleted project
棒球运动记者 scribe
傍大款 (of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags
包干到户 work contracted to households
包干制 overall rationing system; scheme of payment partly in kind and partly in cash
包工包料 contract for labor and materials
保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
保持国有股 keep the State-held shares
保健食品 health-care food
保理业务 factoring business
保护性关税 protective tariffs
保税区 the low-tax, tariff-free zone; bonded area
保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas
保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
报国计划的实施 implementation of Dedicator's Project
北欧投资银行 Nordic Investment Bank
本本主义 bookishness
《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica
本垒打 circuit clout, four-master, round trip
本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches
奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life
笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.
蹦极 bungee, bungee jumping
避免“大而全”的重复建设 avoid duplicate (duplicated, overlapping) construction of "small and all inclusive projects"
逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives
比较经济学 comparative economics
比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst
闭门羹 given cold-shoulder
边际报酬 marginal return
边缘科学 boundary science
变相涨价 disguised inflation
便携式电脑 portable computer; laptop; notebook computer
标书 bidding documents
表演赛 demonstration match
剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody
博彩（业）lottery industry
博士生 Ph.D candidate
补缺选举 by-election
补贴与反补贴措施 subsidies and countervailing measures
布达拉宫 Potala Palace
布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system
不败记录 clean record, spotless record
不承诺放弃使用武器 not undertake to renounce the use of force
不打不成交 No discord, no concord.
不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
不分上下的总统选举结果the neck-and-neck presidential election result
《不见不散》 Be there or be square.
不可再生资源 non-renewable resources
不良贷款 non-performing loan
不夜城 sleepless city, ever-bright city
不正之风 bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency
不准打白条 No illegitimate promissory notes (IOUs)
步行天桥 foot bridge
C.
擦边球 edge ball, touch ball
擦网球 net ball
采取高姿态 show magnanimity
采取市场多元化战略 adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market
“菜篮子”工程 the "shopping basket' project (program)
参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs
沧海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world.
What was once the sea has now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.
仓储式超市 stockroom-style supermarket
草根工业 grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass)
层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting
差额投票 differential voting
差额选举 competitive election
茶道 sado
查房 make/go the rounds of the wards
拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition
搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)
禅 dhyana
产粮大省 granary province
产量比1997年增加了2倍 the output has increased 3 times (registered a 3-fold increase; increased 200%)compared with 1997
产品结构 product mix
产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management
产权制度、产权关系 property relations; property order
产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing
产业的升级换代 upgrading of industies
产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure
长二捆 LM-2E
长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta
长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe
长线产品 product in excessive supply
厂长经理负责制 the factory director (manager) responsibility system
畅通工程 "Smooth Traffic Project"
畅销产品 marketable products; products with good market ;commodities in short supply ; goods in great demand.
唱高调 mouth high-sounding words
超高速巨型计算机 giant ultra-high-speed computer
超前消费 overconsuming, excessive consumption
彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force
城市规划 city's landscaping plan; urban planning
城市中年雅皮士 muppie （一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成）
城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas
吃大锅饭 egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot"
吃皇粮 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government
重复建设 building redundant project; duplication of similar projects
抽杀成功 hit through
筹备委员会 preparatory committee
出风头 show off;in the limelight
出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports
出口加工区 export processing zones
出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate
出口退税 refunding export taxes
出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports
出家 pravrajana; cloister
传销 multi level marketing
窗口行业 various service trades
创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city
创汇产品 foreign exchange (hard-currency) earning experts
创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park
吹风会 (advanced) briefing
春蕾计划 Spring Buds Program
春运 (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival
《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals
磁悬浮列车 Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train
刺激内需 stimulate domestic demand
辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.
从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
粗放式管理 extensive management
促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy
促进富余人员合理流动 promote a rational flow of surplus personnel
促进住房商品化 promote the commercialization of housing 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits

D.
大包干 all-round responsibility system; lump-sum appropriations operation
达到或接近国际先进水平 reach or approach advanced international standards
打破地区封锁和行业垄断 break regional blockades and trade monopolies
呆帐与坏帐 stagnant debts and bad debts ;non performing funds
道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至9580点 the Dow Jones industrial index average soared to 9580 points
当日指数已1120点收盘 the index closed finished ended at 120 on that day
第三产业 third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises
第四产业 quaternary/information industry
第一/第二/第三产业 the primary/secondary/tertiary industry (the service sector)
“豆腐渣”工程 a jerry-built project
东亚金融危机 the southeast Asian Financial crisis (turmoil)
毒品走私 drug trafficking
对大中型国营企业进行公司制改革 to corporatize large and medium-sized State-owned (state-owned, state) enterprises
E.
厄尔尼诺 El Nino
恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor
恶性循环 vicious circle
遏制通货膨胀 curb (check, curtail) the inflation
F.
法轮功 Falun Gong Cult
发行股票、债券 issue shares and bonds
发扬优良传统 carry forward the fine traditions
发优惠券以促销 issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales
发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视 develop literature, the arts, the press, publications, radio, film and television; promote literature and art, the press and publishing, radio, film and television
发展新兴产业和高技术产业 develop rising and high-tech industries
发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业 develop animal husbandry (livestock farming), aquaculture and forestry
反对铺张浪费 oppose/combat extravagance and waste
反倾销 anti-dumping
防暴警察 riot police
防止经济过热 prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy)
防止国有资产流失 prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets
防止泡沫经济 avoid a bubble economy too many bubbles in economy)
分流下岗人员争取再就业 redirect laid-off workers for reemployment
扶贫、脱贫 poverty reduction and elimination
妇幼保健 maternity and child care
G.
改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师 the chief architect of China's reform, opening and modernization drive
改进产业结构和产品结构 improve the industrial pattern and product mix
该公司股票已经上市 the stock of the company have been listed (have gone public, have been launched)
赶上或超过国际先进水平 catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels
高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜 hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping Theory
各族人民 people of all nationalities (all ethnic groups)
个体户 self-employed households /people
个人所得税 individual income tax
个体工商业者 individual industrialists and businessman
公务员 public servants; civil servants; government functionaries; government employees
股份合作制 the joint stock cooperative system
股份制 the joint stock system
股票热降温了 the stock craze has abated
股市指数 the stock market (exchange) index
股市指数突破1300点大关 the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark
股指暴跌，跌幅7.8%，以14.3元探底 the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan
鼓励兼并，规范破产 encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures
规模经济，减轻就业压力 to ease the pressure of employment (the employment pressure)
国防科技 defence-related science and technology
国际大都市 cosmopolis
国家指定考试 government-mandated test
国家主席/总理/副总理/国务委员/部长/省长/厅、局长/县长/处长/科长/乡长/村民委员会主任 president/premier/vice premier/state councilor/minister/governor/bureau director/county magistrate, county head/department head/ section chief/ head of the township/ chairman of the village committee
国家公务员制度 the system of public services
国内生产总值/国民生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product)
国事访问 a state visit
恒生指数（香港）宽幅震荡 the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently
获薄利 earn (make) narrow profits
获厚利 earn (make, reap) substantial profits
H.
海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest
海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the Gulf War
函授大学 correspondence university
旱地滑雪场 mock skiing park
汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software
航母 aircraft carrier
豪赌 unrestrained gambling
好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander
好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster
"好球" "Strike"
和服 Kimono
合理引导消费 guide rational consumption
合议庭 collegiate bench
核销 cancel after verification
黑店 gangster inn
黑客 hacker
黑社会 Mafia-style organizations; gangland
宏观调控 macro-control
红包 （中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback
《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)
红帽子企业 red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise)
红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin (EPO)
环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim
后防空虚 leave the defense exposed
后台管理 back-stage management
呼啦圈 hu la hoop
胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)
虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.
互动广告 interactive advertisement
户口簿 residence booklet
户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system
户主 head of a household
护身法宝 amulet
华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele
华盖 canopy
滑板车 scooter
"坏球" "Ball"
还俗 resume secular life, unfrock
"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking
黄金时段 prime time
(吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state
挥棒 swing
挥棒不中 fan
灰色收入 income from moonlighting
汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation
婚介所 matrimonial agency
婚外恋 extramarital love
活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn.
火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)
货币化 monetization
货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation
货到付款 cash on delivery
J.
基础设施工程第一期 the first phase of the infrastructure project
积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories)
缉毒队 narcotics squad
计划生育 family planning (birth control)
积极培育新的经济增长点 actively cultivate new points of economic growth
技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业 technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries
技术更新/改造 technological updating /renovation
计算机2000年问题 Y2Kproblem
(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)
加强税收政策 tighten tax collection
加强物质文明和精神文明的建设 foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress
加强优生、优育 improve prenatal and postnatal care
加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程 accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements
艰苦创业的精神 the hardworking and enterprising spirit
减轻农民负担 lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers)
建设性战略伙伴关系 a constructive strategic partnership
减员增效 increase efficiency by downsizing staff
解决他们的温饱问题 provide them with adequate food and clothing
解困基金 anti-poverty funds
今年第一季度产量比去年同期增长了12.5% the production increased 12.5% between January and March compared the corresponding period (the same time ) last year
金融机构 financial institutions
精兵之路 fewer but better troops
经济发展全球化的趋势 the globalization trend in economic development
经济法制化 to manage economic affairs according to law;
to put economic operation on a legal basis
经济技术开发区 an economic and technological development zone
经济市场化/私有化 the mercerization/privatization of the economy
经济特区 a special economic zone
经济体制改革 economic restructuring
经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom
经济转轨 switch to a market economy
精简各级政府机构 streamline government departments at all levels
精品 competitive products
竞争意识 competitive spirit
九届二次全国人民代表大会 the second session of the 9th National People's Congress
就业前和在职培训 pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training
纠正行业不正之风 rectify malpractice in various trades
军嫂 military spouse
K.
科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute the primary productive force.
科教兴国战略 the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through science and education
克隆 clone
扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入 the annual per-captia income in real terms (allowing for inflation )
跨国公司 transnational corporation (transactional, multinational corporation ,multinational)
扩大/缩小地区发展差距 widen/narrow the gap/disparity between regions/localities in terms of development
L.
劳务输出 export of labor services
劳务招聘会 a labor fair; a job fair
联防 community/team policing
连续五年丰收 bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in row ;for five years running ;for five years on end ; for the fifth consecutive year)
练摊 to be a vendor (do business)
乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派的现象依然很严重 Arbitrary collection of charges, abuse of fund-raising and unchecked apportionment (arbitrary quotas) are still rampant.
M.
盲流和倒流人员 jobless migrants from rural areas to cities,
influx from the countryside
美圆对日圆全面升值 the system of pegging the currency to the US dollar
名牌产品 famous-brand products ,brand named product
民族问题 the ethnic minority issue
母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处 the parent company /subsidiary/branch/branch/representative office
N.
耐用消费品 consumer durables
内耗 in-fighting
农副业产品 agricultural (farm) and sideline products
农村/城市信用合作社 rural/urban credit cooperatives
牛市/熊市 a bull/bear market
O.
欧元 Euro
P.
派出所 local police station
跑龙套 utility man, play a bit role, general handyman
泡沫经济 bubble economy
配股 allotment of shares
配套政策 supporting policies
培养跨世纪人才 bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists
棚户 shacks; family that live in shacks
碰钉子 get snubbed
碰头会 brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)
疲软股票 soft stock
皮包公司 bogus company
啤酒肚 beer belly
票贩子 scalper, ticket tout
票房 box office
骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
拼图 jigsaw
贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor
贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb
平均主义 equalitarianism
平面设计师 graphic designer
评头论足 nit-pick
瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions
扑网(体） rush-up, rushing
普选制 general election system
Q.
妻管严丈夫 hen-pecked husband
取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot"; abolish egalitarianism
取消福利分房 abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of public housing
全球变暖 global warming
全面投产开工 go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational
拳头产品 knockout product or competitive product
缺少流动资金 a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital)
裙带经济 crony economy
R.
人才 competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists
人才市场 the personnel market
人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平 The average per-capita GNP will reach the standard of moderately developed countries.
人民币对美圆汇率稳定 the stability of RMB exchange rate against USD
人民币贬值的压力 the devaluation pressure on RMB
人均住房 per-capita housing
日经指数跌至今年最低点 the Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year.
融资 financing; fund-raising
S.
三角恋爱 love triangle
三角债 chain debts
三陪服务 escort service
傻瓜相机 Instamatic INSTA(NT)+(AUTO)MATIC
商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing
商品粮基地 a commodity grain production base
商业银行 commercial banks
上海证券交易所 the Shanghai Securities Exchange
社会生活 social activities
社会治安情况 law-and-order situation
生活物价指数 the cost of living index/the price index
谁控股？ Who holds the controlling shares?
实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制 practice the system of director-general responsibility under the leadership of board of the bored of directors.
使经济进一步市场化 make the economy more market-oriented
使大中型企业摆脱困境 extricate (free) the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises from predicament
实体经济 the real economy
售后服务 after sale service
死胡同 blind alley
私人企业 private enterprises (foreign-funded, foreign financed foreign-owned) enterprises
T.
提高军队在高科技条件下的作战能力 improve the army combat capabilities under high-tech conditions
提高综合国力 improve the overall national strength (the overall strength of the country)
投诉 lodge a complaint, register a beef
投诉热线 dial-a-cheat confidential hotline
投资热点 a region attractive to investors, a much-sought piece of land,
popular investment spot
推进国民经济信息化 try to informationize the national economy
推进政府机构改革 restructure government institutions
脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
W.
外交豁免权 diplomatic immunity
外商独资企业 wholly (solely ) foreign-owned enterprises
外向型经济/城市 an export-oriented economy/a foreign-oriented city, an international city
外资 overseas investment
外资企业 foreign invested (foreign founded ,foreign financed ,foreign-owned) enterprises .
X.
下海 go into business
小康水平 the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively comfortable standard of living
消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕 eliminate polarization and ultimately achieve common prosperity
Y.
沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进 take great strides along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics
摇头丸 dancing outreach
依法收税 levy taxes according the law
一次付清 pay in full
一次消费 one-time-consumption
一次成像照片 a Polaroid picture
一次偿还信贷 non-installment
一次性杯子 sanitary cup
一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks
一次性收入 lump-sum payment
一次用包装 non-returnable container
一次性汇款 lump-sum payment
一次性拖鞋 disposable slippers
一蹶不振的B股市场 a sluggish B-share market
以经济建设为中心 take economic construction as the central task
隐形就业 unregistered employment; veiled re-employment
隐形眼镜 contact lens
有价证券投资 portfolio investment
拥军优属 preferential treatment for families of servicemen and martyrs
拥有至少50%的股份 hold a minimum of 50% percent of the equity
由于资源不足，必须实施可持续发展战略 We must adopt the strategy of sustainable development owing to the limited resources.
与国际接轨 be geared to international standards; be brought in line with international practice (norms)
与美圆的联系汇率 the system of pegging the currency to the U.S. dollar
育龄夫妇 couples of child-bearing age
Z.
增加财政收入 increase the state tax revenue (fiscal revenue)
增殖税 the value-added tax (VAT)
掌上明珠 the apple of one's eye
正常贸易关系 Normal Trade Relations
政策银行 policy bank
政企分开 separate administrative functions from enterprises management ;separate administration from management
振兴支柱产业 invigorate pillar industries
振兴中华 the rejuvenation (revitalization) of the Chinese nation
支持强强联合，实现优势互补 support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each other's strengths
智囊团、思想库 the brain trust (think tank)
执行通货紧缩政策 pursue a deflationary policy (the policy of deflation)
支援灾区（灾民）；救灾 provide relief to disaster-stricken areas (people)
制约 check and supervision
中共十五大 the 15th National Congress of the CPC
中外合资100强 the top 100 Sino-foreign (Chinese-foreign) joint ventures
重视老龄化问题 attach importance to the problem of population aging (the aging population)
昼夜服务 round-the-clock service
主体经济 principal sector of the economy;  the mainstay of the economy
滞销货 unmarketable (unsalable .poor selling )product
抓大放小 manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones
总产值创最高历史记录 total output value hit a record high (an all-time high)
综合指数停止下滑，上升28点，达到671点 the composite stopped the declining momentum, gaining 28 points to 671
最终实现人民币的自由兑换 the free convertibility of the RMB will evenly be instituted ;the RMB will finally become a convertible currency 
  
 
Terms used in government securities
 
auction 拍卖 
batch processing 分批处理 
bearer from bond 无记名国债 
book-entry bond 记帐式国债 
Cedel 世达银行 
certificate bond 凭证式国债 
collateral 抵押 
coupon-bearing bond 附息国债 
CSD central securities depository  中国证券托管机构 
dematerialized bond 无纸化国债 
depository 托管 
differential 兑价差 
DVP 钱券兑付 
Euroclear 欧洲清算中心 
government securities primary dealer system 国债一级自营商制度 
gross settlement 全额结算 
Gross Settlement DVP I 全额结算 
hub and spoke model 轴与辐条模式 
immobilization of physical bond 实物券的非移动化 
issue volume 发行量 
Liberty order processing system 自由报价处理系统 
market maker 做市商 
matching 撮合 
Net cash, Gross securities DVP II 净款，全额证券 
Net Cash, Net Securities DVP III 净款，净券 
net settlement 净额结算 
novation 替代 
OTC market 场外市场 
physical bond 实物券 
quota system 基数认购 
real time settlement 实时结算 
registered bond 记名国债 
replacement cost risk 重置成本风险 
RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement 实时全额结算 
securities loan 融券 
short term bills 短期国债 
Sicovam 法国存托机构 
spaghetti factory 空心面工厂 
tendering systtem 竞价系统 
tradable bond 可上市国债 
trade by trade settlement 逐笔结算 
underwriting   承购包销 
underwriting sydication 承购包销团 
untimely delivery risk 不及时交割风险 
untimely payment risk 不及时付款风险 
untradable bond 不可上市国债 
zero-coupon bond 零息国债 
 
 

Terms in power generation
 
AC 交流 
bushing 套管 
cable 电缆 
capacitor 电容器 
circuit breaker 断路器 
combined-cycle power plant 联合循环电厂 
contractor 接触器 
DC 直流 
direct current 直流 
distribution board 配电板 
distribution transformer 配电变压器 
district heating 地区供热 
drive 传动系统 
dry-type 干式 
drying equipment 干燥设备 
electrical  multiple units 电动机组 
electrical wholesaling 电气批发 
fans and coils 风扇及线圈 
fossil combustion system 化石燃烧系统 
fossil-fueled 化石燃烧  
furnance 焚化炉 
fuse 熔断器 
gas turbine 燃汽轮机 
gas-cooled 气体冷却  
gas-insulated 气体绝缘  
general contracting 总承包服务 
high-voltage switchgear 高压开关 
light rail vehicle 轻铁车辆 
light-water 轻水 
locomotive 机车 
medium-voltage equipment 中压设备 
multiple units 多动力单元 
oil immersed 油浸 
paint dispensing 油漆分散设备 
paint finishing 喷涂系统 
PFBC 增压流化床电厂 
power distribution 配电 
power generation 发电 
power line 输电线 
power transmission 输电  
press 压机 
process engineering 工艺过程设计 
reactive power compensation 无功补偿 
substation 变电站 
supercharges 增压器 
switch 开关 
switchboard 配电盘 
tap-changer 抽头转换开关变压器  
turnkey 总承包  
utility 公用事业 
utility steam  power plant 民用火电厂 
very high-speed train 高速列车 
wire 电线 
 
 
Terms used in insurance industry
 
accident 意外事故险 
actuarial method 精算法 
Advance Loss Profits (ALOP) 预期利润损失险，利损险 
Advance profit 预期利润 
broker 经纪人 
Business Interruption Insurance (BI) 营业中断险 
captive 自保公司 
casualty 意外伤害险 
catastrophe 巨灾险 
ceding company 分出公司 
claim 索赔 
claim settlement 理赔 
combined ratio 综合赔付率 
Consequential Loss (CL) 后果损失 
Contractor's All Risks (CAR) 建筑工程一切险（建工险） 
cover 保障 
Delay in completion 完工延误 
EEI 电子设备险 
engineering insurance 工程保险 
Erection All Risks (EAR) 安装工程一切险（安工险） 
excess of loss cover 超额赔偿 
EXL protection 超赔保障 
facultative business 临分保 
IBRN Incurred but not reported losses 已发生但未报的损失 
IBRN reserve IBRN储备金 
indemnity period/limit 赔期/期限 
inflated claim 超额索赔 
insurance capacity 承保能力 
insured property 参保物业 
Kobe 神户 
Lloyd 劳合社 
long-tail 长尾 
Loss of profit 利损险 
Machinery (Breakdown) Insurance 机器（损坏〕险，机损险 
mail/sub-contractor 主/分承包商 
maintenance  保证期 
multiple claim 多次（重复）索赔 
non-life 非寿险 
officer & director liability 雇主保险 
outstanding claim reserve 未决索赔准备金 
PC industry property & catastrophe industry 
peril 危险 
policy 保单 
pool 联营 
possible maximum loss 可能的最大损失 
premium 保费 
primary insurance company 原保公司、主保险商 
principal/employer 业主 
professional 专业险 
profit margin 利润边际 
property 财产险 
proportional cover 比例分保 
punitive damage 惩罚性损害 
rate  费率 
reinsurer 分保人（分保公司） 
reinsurer 再保人 
reserve 准备金 
retention  自留 
return period （巨灾）间隔期 
short-tail 短尾 
solvency margin 赔偿能力 
standing charges 维持费用 
subject insured 风险标的 
sum insured 保额 
tarrif zone  险区 
Third Party Liability (TPL) 第三者责任险 
treaties business 合同分保 
turnover 营业额 
underwriting 承保 
working expenses /cost 营业费用 
writing 承保 
 
 
Chemical terms of Hoechst company
 
acetic acid 醋酸 
agricultural & veterinary products 农药及兽药 
analgesics 解热镇痛药 
antibiotics 抗生素 
auxiliaries 助剂 
auxiliary chemicals 化工助剂 
AZO pigments 偶氮颜料 
base chemicals  化工品 
Cellulose acetate cigarette filter tow 二醋酸纤维素丝束 
cellulose acetate flake  二醋酸纤维素切片 
dyes 染料 
dyes & indigo products 染料及蓝靛类产品 
dystuff fuchsine   
engineering plastics 工程塑料 
fiber spin-dying 化纤原液染色 
industrial gasses 工业气体 
Masterbatch 色母粒 
Nautong Cellulose Fibers Co. 南通醋酸纤维有限公司 
pharmaceutical generics 一般保健药品 
pigments 颜料 
plastic films 塑料薄膜 
polyester 聚酯纤维 
polymers 聚合物 
POM 聚甲醛 
powder coating 粉末涂料 
reactive dystuffs 活性染料 
sorbric acid 山梨酸 
STPP 三聚磷酸纳 
streptase 链激霉 
tow 丝束、烟束 
tyre cord 轮胎帘子布 
UHP graphite electrodes 超高功率石墨电极 
vinyl acetate 醋酸乙烯 
water-based paint 水溶性漆料 
 
 
Terms on bus and automobile structures

气 压 双 管 路 air-operated, dual circuit 
接 近 角 / 离 去 角  approach / departure angle 
车 身 结 构 ： 半 承 载 式  body structure:  semin-monocoque 
制动系统 brake 
车 架 ： 梯 形 结 构  chassie frame: trapezium structure 
底 盘 型 号  chassie type 
整 车 整 备 质 量  complete vehicle kerb mass 
发动机 汽油或柴油 直列 前置 diesel, or gasoline, in line, front-mounted 
应急制动  emergency brake 
储 能 弹 簧 energy-stored spring 
前 悬 / 后 悬  front / rear  overhang 
前 轮 距 / 后 轮 距  front / rear tread 
百 公 里 油 耗  fuel consumption / 100 km 
变 速 器  gear box 
钢 板 弹 簧 + 减 震 器 laminated leaf spring plus shock absorber 
左 置 、 循 环 球 式 left hand located, ball recirculating steering type 
主 要 总 成  main parts 
厂定最大总质量 manufacturer's total mass 
发动机最大功率 maximum power 
变速器 机械式 带同步 器 mechanical type with sychronizers 
机械式 作用于后轮 mechanical type, acting on rear wheels 
最小转弯直径  minimum diameter of turning circle 
总 (长 、 宽 、 高 ) overall (length, width, height) 
驻车制动 parking brake 
后 桥  rear axle 
乘 员 数  seats 
行车制动 service brake: 
后桥 单级减速 双曲线伞齿轮 single-grade reduction hyperbolic bevel gear 
离合器 单片 干式 机械操纵 single-plate, dry, mechanical control (in clutch) 
转 向 器  steering gear 
悬 挂 系 统  suspension 
轴 距  wheelbase 
 
 

备付(超额准备)金  exess reserve 
背书  endorsement 
承兑  acceptance 
传导机制  transmission mechanism 
代理行  correspondant 
定期存款  term deposit/CD 
短缺经济  shortage economy 
法定准备金  required reserve 
防范化解  ward off + mitigate 
符号经济  virtual economy 
隔夜市场  overnight market 
公积金  provident fund 
股民保证金 Stock investor provision 
回购  repo 
汇率灵活的通胀目标  inflation targeting with flexible exchange rate  
汇率目标  exchange rate  targeting 
活期存款  demand or call deposit 
货币回笼  take out money 
货币局  currency board 
货币联盟  montary union 
货币目标  monetary targeting 
货币投放  issue money 
货币投放  inject money  
货币总量 Monetary aggregates 
基础货币  money base, base money 
经常帐户  current account 
可传导性  transmitable 
可调整的固定或爬行钉住  adjustable fixed or crawling peg 
利率市场化  interest rates iberalization 
美元化  dollarization 
实际经济  real economy 
贴现  Discount （商行对企业） 
通知市场  call market (one day market) 
吞吐货币  money throughput 
外汇占款  mirror image of foreign exchange reserve 
完全补偿  full remuneration 
信贷规模  credit quota 
银行同业拆借市场 Inter-bank lending market 
再贷款  refinancing 
再贴现  Rediscount （央行对商行） 
债券市场  bond market 
中介目标  intermediate target 
转贴现 interbank discount （商行对商行） 
准备金  provision 
资本帐户  capital account 
最终目标  ultimate objective 
 
English to Chinese
acceptance 承兑  
adjustable fixed or crawling peg 可调整的固定或爬行钉住  
bond market 债券市场  
call market (one day market) 通知市场  
capital account 资本帐户  
correspondant 代理行  
credit quota 信贷规模  
currency board 货币局  
current account 经常帐户  
demand or call deposit 活期存款  
Discount （商行对企业） 贴现  
dollarization 美元化  
endorsement 背书  
exchange rate  targeting 汇率目标  
exess reserve 备付(超额准备)金  
full remuneration 完全补偿  
inflation targeting with flexible exchange rate  汇率灵活的通胀目标  
inject money  货币投放  
interbank discount （商行对商行） 转贴现 
Inter-bank lending market 银行同业拆借市场 
interest rates iberalization 利率市场化  
intermediate target 中介目标  
issue money 货币投放  
mirror image of foreign exchange reserve 外汇占款  
Monetary aggregates 货币总量 
monetary targeting 货币目标  
money base, base money 基础货币  
money throughput 吞吐货币  
montary union 货币联盟  
overnight market 隔夜市场  
provident fund 公积金  
provision 准备金  
real economy 实际经济  
Rediscount （央行对商行） 再贴现  
refinancing 再贷款  
repo 回购  
required reserve 法定准备金  
shortage economy 短缺经济  
Stock investor provision 股民保证金 
take out money 货币回笼  
term deposit/CD 定期存款  
transmission mechanism 传导机制  
transmitable 可传导性  
ultimate objective 最终目标  
virtual economy 符号经济  
ward off + mitigate 防范化解  
 

最新常用经济术语
国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE 
经济指标 economic indicators 
社会总产值 total product of society 
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product) 
国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 
人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 
工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture 
国民收入 national income 
购买力平价法 purchasing power parity 
财政收入 state revenue 
社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales 
社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index 
百分点 percentage points 
"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 
计划经济 planned economy 
统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing 
市场经济 market economy 
指令性计划 mandatory plan 
指导性计划 guidance plan 
市场调节 market regulation 
建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government 
抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology 
实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population 
第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries 
外向型经济 export-oriented economy 
创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise 
劳动密集型 labor intensive 
技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive 
高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value 
优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 
生产力 productive forces 
生产资料 capital goods 
科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings 
火炬计划 Torch Plan 
技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock 
风险投资 venture investment/capital 
固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets 
折旧费 depreciation cost 
关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood 
供大于求 oversupply 
供不应求 short supply 
经济过热 overheated economy 
抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 
宏观调控 macro-economic control 
经济杠杆 economic levers 
产业政策 industrial policy 
财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate 
提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns 
社会效益 social effect/returns 
实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 
财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus) 
外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value 
外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment 
实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use 
三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture 
允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation 
优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms 
减免税收 tax reduction and exemption 
合作方式  approaches to cooperation 
出资方式 means of contributing investment 
合营期限 contract term of a joint venture 
三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components) 
贸易伙伴  trade partner 
转口贸易 transit trade 
外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus 
积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside 
交钥匙工程 turn-key project 
招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system 
招标出售技术 bids for technology 
公开招标 call for bid; tenders 
招标单 invitation for bid (IFB) 
标书 bidding document  
竟标 competitive bidding 
投标 bid for a project 
投标报价书 bid proposals 
评标 bid proposal evaluation 
开标 bid opening  
中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender 
拍卖 auction 
租赁 leasing 
保税区 bonded area; free trade area 
实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening 
统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition 
自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system 
知识产权 intellectual property rights 
技术转让 technology transfer 
可行性研究 feasibility study 
意向书 letter of intent 
投资环境 investment environment 
跨国公司 transnational coorporation 
基础设施 infrastructure 
20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years 
发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside. 
招商 attract investment 
招商项目 project proposals for investment 
同国际惯例接轨  follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage 
加大改革力度 intensify reforms 
一条龙服务 one package service 
一支笔审批 one-chop approval 
我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other. 
平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods 
外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections 
保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development 
经济实力 economic capabilities 
龙头 pacemaker; leading role 
三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun. 
瓶颈 bottleneck 
以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture 
以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects 
下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 
统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control 
良性循环 positive cycle 
国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy 
格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape. 
理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 
政策性亏损 policy-related loss 
三角债 chain debts 
上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 
企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 
生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish 
质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization 
批量生产 mass production 
以销定产 limit production to market ability 
内联企业 inland associated enterprises 
菜篮子工程 shipping basket project 
国产化 percentage of home-made parts 
配套改革 coordinated reforms 
配套措施 supporting measures 
配套工程 auxiliary project 
国内配套资金 domestic funds 
向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry 
升级换代 upgrading and updating 
看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth 
行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected. 
行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price 
随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions 
片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate 
在过渡时期 in a period of transition  
粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation 
基础地位 leading position 
门类齐全 covering extensive fields 
存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans 
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves 
贸易顺差 trade surplus 
完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system 
消灭失业 wipe out unemployment 
降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order 
紧缩银根 tighten the money supply 
一位数水平 one digit level 
保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade 
这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties. 
市场疲软 a market slump 
库存积压 overstocked products 
国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning 
统一定价 unified price setting 
国家统配物资 materials allocated by state 
货币发放 the issue of currency 
规范价格秩序  standardize the price order  
简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add more random checks  
市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role.  
由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance. 
导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。 An important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices. 

"check-the-box" rule “打勾选择”规定 
active income 主动收入 
APA (advance pricing agreement) 事先定价协议 
arm's length method 独立企业交易法 
arm's length price 独立企业间价格 
base company rule 基地公司规定 
best method rule 最佳方法规定 
blocked income 滞留收入 
branch rule 分支机构规定 
burden of proof 举证责任 
carried back 向前结转 
carried forward 结转（向后期） 
CFC (controlled foreign company) 控股外国公司 
COD (cancellation of debt) 取消债务 
consolidate 合并 
CPM (comparable profit method) 可比利润法 
CUP (comparable uncontrolled pricing) 
current rule 现行规则 
current tax 本期税额 
deduction 扣除 
deemed dividend 认定的红利 
deferral 递延 
device 工具 
dual residence 双重居民 
earnings stripping 收益剥离 
excess credit position 超额抵扣情况 
excess interest expense 超额利息支出 
exemption 免除 
force of attraction 吸引力规定 
formula apportionment 公式分配法 
generic products 仿制品（药物专利用语） 
global jurisdiction 属人原则 
goodwill 商誉 
gross rate 毛税率 
income 所得 
interest expense 利息支出 
IR code 国内税法 
IRS 国税局 
jurisdiction 辖区 
LLC 有限责任公司 
mobile 流动性（指可在世界各地作公司业务） 
net rate 净税率 
partnership 合伙人制 
passive income 被动收入 
phantom income 虚幻收入 
physical presence 实际存在(居住) 
pooling of interest 股权联营法 
portfolio exemption 组合投资免税 
profit split 利润分配 
purchasing method 盘购法 
recognition 确认（会计） 
royalty 使用费 
source 来源 
super royalty rule 超级使用费规定 
tax credit 税收抵扣 
tax haven 避税港 
tax holiday 减税期 
tax planning 避税计划 
tax sparing 税收抵扣限制 
territorial jurisdiction 属地原则 
thin capitalization rule 低股本规则 
threshold 下限 
trade or business 业务或经营 
transfer pricing 转移价格 
treaty （双边税务）协议 
treaty override 协议优先 
treaty shopping 协议寻找 
withholding tax 预提税