###the commands just in gentoo
emerge   #Command-line interface to the Portage system
qlist    #list files owned by pkgname
qlop     #emerge log analyzer
qpkg     #manipulate Gentoo binpkgs
equery   #Gentoo: Package Query Tool
eix      #a set of utilities for searching, diffing and updating a binary cache of your local portage-trees
eix-sync #Call layman/emerge --sync/--metadata and/or show updates.
eselect  #Gentoo's multi-purpose configuration and managment tool
etc-update #Handle configuration file updates
env-update #updates environment settings automatically
revdep-rebuild #Gentoo: Reverse Dependency Rebuilder
module-rebuild #rebuild the moduels after update the linux kernel
euse       # Gentoo: command line USE flag editor
eclean           #A cleaning tool for Gentoo distfiles and binary packages
rc-update    #add and remove services to and from a runlevel

###the commands in linux
man -k printf      #查询与printf相关的man文档
fbgrab  #截屏     Framebuffer screenshot utility
scrot     #截屏    Screen capture using imlib2
md5sum     #计算检验MD5效验码
sha1sum #compute and check SHA1 message digest
rsync   #a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool,some e.g.
        rsync -vzrltopg src des
        -v  --verbose               increase verbosity
        -z  --compress              compress file data during the transfer
        -r  --recursive             recurse into directories
        -l  --links                 copy symlinks as symlinks
        -t  --times                 preserve modification times
        -o  --owner                 preserve owner (super-user only)
        -g  --group                 preserve group
        -p  --perms                 preserve permissions
    --delete            delete extraneous files from dest dirs
    --force                force deletion of dirs even if not empty
vim     #Vi IMproved, 一个程序员的文本编辑器,some important shortcut
        :sp [filename]  [ctrl]wj [ctrl]wk [ctrl]wq [ctrl]ww #多窗口
        v       V        [ctrl]v   y  d  #vim区块选择
        :set fileencoding(s)=gb2312/utf-8 # 设置文件的编码方式
    :edit ++enc=GB2312    
cdda2mp3  cdda2ogg  cdda2wav   #CD抓轨
cdrecord -v /dev/cdrw -audio *.wav  #刻录音乐CD
dos2unix    #DOS/MAC to UNIX text file format converter
unix2dos     #UNIX to DOS text file format converter
top     #display Linux tasks
htop    #interactive process viewer
iotop      #simple top-like I/O monitor
iftop    #display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
irssi   #a modular IRC client for UNIX
     /exec -out wgetpaste file   #irssi use extern command
screen     #screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
    screen -S new-tty  #server     
    screen -x new-tty  #cleint
    screen rtorrent    
    ctrl+a d
    screen -ls
    screen -r ID
reset  # terminal initialization also can be "tset"
w3m  #a text based Web browser and pager,also such as "lynx", etc.
mount  #挂载文件系统
    mount -o loop  xxx.iso  /media/cdrom/   
     mount -t smbfs -o username=,password=,iocharset=utf8,codepage=cp936 //192.168.1.21/Download /mnt/tmp/
    mount -t cifs -o iocharset=utf8,codepage=cp936，user=,pass=,dom=,guest      //src  /media
rdesktop #Remote Desktop Protocol client
    rdesktop -a 24 -z -g 1276x716 -u administrator  -r clipboard:PRIMARYCLIPBOARD 10.10.251.1:3389
    rdesktop -a 16 -z -g 1020x716 -u justin -r clipboard:PRIMARYCLIPBOARD -r sound:local 10.10.251.1:3389
ssh   # OpenSSH SSH 客户端 (远程登录程序)
    xhost +server-IP #on the client computer
    ssh server-IP   #on the client computer
    export DISPLAY=client-IP:0.0   #on the server computer    
rpm2cpio *.rpm |cpio -div   #解压rpm包
dpkg -x *.deb    #解压deb包
synclient    #commandline utitlity to query and modify Synaptics driver options.
    synclient Touchpadoff=0   #打开触摸板
    synclient Touchpadoff=1      #关闭触摸板
split     #分割文件
    shnsplit -f cd3.cue -t %n.%t -o flac CD3.ape
iconv     #字符集转换
    iconv -f GBK -t UTF-8  file1 -o file2
mid3iconv   #convert ID3 tag encodings
    find enterprice/upload/ -iname "*.mp3" -execdir mid3iconv -e gbk  --remove-v1 {} \;
sox     #The swiss army knife of sound processing programs，音频转换
mplayer -playlist all_music.m3u -shuffle   #
     \# (shift+3) ##切换声道
zgv   fbi  #终端下的图形浏览
axel  wget  curl     # 下载工具 ，在firefox-flashgot中的设置：/usr/bin/terminal -T Axel.is.downloading.the.file.  --hide-menubar -x axel -n5 -o [FOLDER] [URL];/usr/bin/terminal  -T Wget.is.downloading.the.file.  --hide-menubar -x  wget -c [URL] [--directory-prefix=FOLDER] [--referer=REFERER] [--post-data=POST] [--load-cookies=CFILE] [--input-file=UFILE]; /usr/bin/xterm-T Axel.is.downloading -e axel -n7  -a -o [FOLDER] [URL]

###linux硬件相关命令
dmidecode    #DMI table decoder
lsusb        #list USB devices
lspci        #列出所有PCI设备
dmesg         #print or control the kernel ring buffer
hwbrowser     #hardware browser
lshal         #list HAL devices
lsof        #list open files
fdisk   gparted    cfdisk  #Linux分区表操作工具软件
xrandr        #primitive command line interface to RandR extension
gtf            #calculate VESA GTF mode lines
echo 5 >  /proc/sys/vm/swappiness  #or set "vm.swappiness=5" in /etc/sysctl.conf,设置内存存取机制，与虚拟内存有关
ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid   #查询disk的UUID
smartctl     #Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks