似水无缘

 

Stems Part C

1. Bundle scars mark the location（位置）water and food-conducting tissues within leaf scars. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

2. The protoderm（原表皮）gives rise to the epidermis and cuticle in stems and roots. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

3. Summer wood is composed of many large vessel elements and few tracheids. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是B

4. The wood of conifers（松类, 针叶树） consists primarily of vessel elements and laticifers（乳汁细胞）. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是B

5. Herbaceous（草本的）dicots（双子叶植物） have vascular bundles scattered（离散的） throughout the pith of the stem. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是B

6. White potatoes are modified（改良的）stems with nodes（节点） called eyes. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

7. Which of the following cell is NOT produced by the vascular cambium? 

A: tracheids  

B: pith cells

C: fibers

D: vessel elements 

正确答案是B

8. Which type of stele（石细胞）consists of a solid core（核心）of xylem surrounded by a layer of phloem? 

A: protostele（原生中柱） 

B: eustele（真中柱〈存在于大多数裸子植物和被子植物的茎内〉）

C: siphonostele（管状中柱）

D: none of the above

正确答案是A

9. Which of the following tissue types is found in the periderm? 

A: vascular cambium

B: cork 

C: secondary phloem

D: primary xylem

正确答案是B

10. What is the name given to latex（乳汁, 乳胶）-secreting cells found in the phloem of some plants? 

A: stipules（托叶） 

B: phelloderm（软木皮层） 

C: laticifers（乳汁细胞）

D: lenticels（皮孔）

正确答案是C

11. Which of the following monocots（双子叶植物）can attain（达到） great heights as a result of continually dividing parenchyma? 

A: palm（棕榈）

B: corn

C: rye（裸麦, 黑麦）

D: redwood 

正确答案是A

12. Which of the following is NOT a feature of all specialized stems? 

A: nodes（节点）

B: internodes（节间）  

C: axillary buds（腋芽）

D: none of the above

正确答案是D

13. Which of the following is an example of a corm（球茎, 球根）? 

A: grasses

B: crocus（番红花属, 番红花）

C: sweet potatoes 

D: all of the above

正确答案是B

14. Strawberries（草莓） reproduce asexually（无性地） by using 

A: tubers（块茎）.

B: bulbs（鳞茎）

C: runners（匍匐茎）.

D: cladophylls（扁平的叶状茎）

正确答案是C

Leaves and the movement of water Part A

1. Pinnately（羽状的）compound（ 复合的

） leaves have all of their leaflets（小叶） attached at the same point at the end of the petiole（叶柄）. 

A: True 

B: False

正确答案是B

2. Reticulate（网状的）venation（脉络）refers to the branching arrangement of veins（叶脉） in dicot leaves.

A: True 

B: False

正确答案是A

3. Palisade（栅栏）parenchyma cells contain numerous（许多的）chloroplasts, and make up the upper（上面的）layer of the mesophyll（叶肉）in leaves. 

A: True 

B: False

正确答案是A

4. Bundle sheath（鞘）cells are large, thin-walled cells that occur in the leaf epidermis near the central vein. 

A: True 

B: False

正确答案是B

5. Tendrils（卷须, 蔓）are modified stem tissue, which curl（卷曲）around rigid（刚性的）objects

A: True 

B: False

正确答案是B

6. In autumn, the green chlorophyll pigments break down revealing（有启迪作用的）pigments of other colors. 

A: True 

B : False

正确答案是A

7. The stomatal apparatus（器）in leaves consists of a pore bordered（与...接壤, 接近）by 

A: hydathodes（排水器〈皮表水分排泄的器官〉）.

B: guard cells

C: bracts（苞叶, 苞）

D: bundle sheath cells

正确答案是B

8. The term phyllotaxy（叶序）means

A: the arrangement of leaves on a stem.

B: the arrangement of leaflets（小叶）in a compound leaf. 

C: the study of leaf anatomy（解剖学）.

D: the study of plant taxonomy（分类学）.

正确答案是A

9. Which of the following plants has stomatal pores only on the upper surface of the leaf? 

A: cactus（仙人掌） 

B: corn

C: water lily

D: maple（枫）

正确答案是C

10. Which tissue layer in the leaf contains stomatal pores? 

A: palisade（栅栏）parenchyma

B: veins

C: spongy（似海绵的）parenchyma

D: epidermis

正确答案是D

11. Under which environmental conditions will bulliform cells collapse（瓦解）causing the leaf blade to roll? 

A: low oxygen

B: low moisture（湿气）

C: high humidity（湿气, 湿度<美>） 

D: high rainfall

正确答案是B

12. When compared to sun leaves, shade leaves tend to 

A: be thinner.

B: be larger.

C: have fewer hairs

D: all of the above.

正确答案是D

13. The leaves of sundew（茅膏菜） plants are specialized for what purpose? 

A: trapping（诱捕） insects

B: reproduction

C: food storage

D: prevention of water loss 

正确答案是A

14. Which of the following plants produces floral（花似的, 花的）bracts（苞叶）?

A: window plants 

B: poinsettia（猩猩木）

C: pitcher plant

D: grape

正确答案是B

15. What is the function of the bladder（气泡）in bladderworts（狸藻类植物）? 

A: protection from prey

B: flotation（浮选）   

C: to produce latex（乳汁, 乳胶, 橡胶）

D: to trap aquatic（水生的, 水栖的）insects

正确答案是D

16. Which of the following pigments is red and water-soluble（水溶性的）? 

A: carotene（胡罗卜素）

B: xanthophyll（叶黄素） 

C: chlorophyll （叶绿素）

D: none of the above

正确答案是D

Leaves and the movement of water Part B

1. The most important food manufacturing（制造的） cell in the leaf is the ___. 

A: epidermal cell

B: mesophyll cell

C: guard cell 

D: phloem cell

正确答案是B

2. The structure that attaches a leaf to the shoot in plants is the ___. 

A: blade

B: petiole （叶柄）

C: leaf stem

D: leaf shoot

正确答案是B

3. A plant with two leaves per node（节点）has ___ leaf arrangement. 

A: alternate（轮生的）

B: whorled（螺旋生的）

C: opposite（对生的）

D: basal （基生的）

正确答案是C

4. Simple, sessile（〈花,叶等〉无柄的）leaves that surround the stem are classified as ___ leaves. 

A: simple

B: peltate（盾状的）

C: palmate（手掌状的） 

D: perfoliate（贯穿性的） 

正确答案是D

5. Which type of meristem is responsible for leaf thickness? 

A: vascular 

B: adaxial（近轴的） 

C: marginal（边缘的）

D: apical

正确答案是B

6. Which does (do) not describe guard cell function(s)? 

A: carbon dioxide regulation（调节）

B: oxygen regulation 

C: water regulation

D: carbon dioxide, oxygen and water regulation

正确答案是D

7. The ground tissue found on the upper side of a leaf is called ___. 

A: palisade（似栅栏的） mesophyll 

B: spongy（似海绵的）mesophyll 

C: palisade collenchyma 

D: spongy collenchyma 

正确答案是A

8. Which plant shows Kranz anatomy in a leaf section? 

A: oak（橡树）

B: corn

C: tomato

D: green bean 

正确答案是B

9. Which is least related to the others in terms of adaptations（适应） to reduce transpiration? 

A: leaf position

B: abscisic acid

C: petiole length

D: cuticle（表皮） 

正确答案是C

10. Which plant produces fleshy leaves that store food? 

A: carrot 

B: onion

C: cactus

D: potato

正确答案是B

11. The arrangement of leaves on shoots is termed phyllotaxis（叶序）. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

12. Parallel（平行的）venation（脉络）is associated with monocots. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

13. Phloem forms on the upper side of a vein-toward the upper surface of the leaf. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是B

14. All woody plants shed（脱落） leaves. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

15. Water is lost from leaves by a process known as guttation（吐水）. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

16. Root pressure may result in guttation. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

17. The pitcher of a pitcher plant is a modified stem. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是B

18. Some plants produce leaves with modified hairs called trichomes（香毛簇）. 

A: True

B: False

正确答案是A

Flowers, fruits and seeds Part A

1. The fertile（能繁殖的） parts of a flower are the: 

A: sepals（萼片）and petals（花瓣）.

B: sepals and stamens（雄蕊）.

C: petals and stamens.

D: sepals and carpels（心皮）. 

E: carpels and stamens.

正确答案是E

2. If the ovules（胚珠, 卵子） are borne on the ovary（子房）wall, the placentation of the flower is described as: 

A: axile.

B: parietal.

C: basal.

D: free central.

E: apical.

正确答案是B

3. Which of the following statements about a carpellate（具有心皮的）flower is FALSE? 

A: It can be a monoecious（雄雌同株的）species.

B: It can be a dioecious（雌雄异体的）species

C: It lacks pistils（雌蕊）.

D: It lacks stamens

E: It is imperfect（不完整的）.

正确答案是C

4. In a flower with perianth（花被）and stamens attached above the ovary, the perianth and stamens are said to be: 

A: hypogynous（〈花瓣,萼片,雄蕊等〉下位的）. 

B: epigynous（上位的）. 

C: perigynous （周位的）

D: superior（.上级的,好的）

E: Inferior（下级的,次的）.

正确答案是B

5. The inner wall of the pollen grain（花粉粒）is the: 

A: integument（覆盖物）

B: nucellar wall

C: exine（花粉粒外壁，孢子外壁）

D: intine（内壁）

E: tapetum.（反光色素层)）

正确答案是D

6. Unlike spores（孢子）of most seedless plants, pollen grains: 

A: have only one nucleus when shed（脱落）.

B: germinate（发芽） through a Y-shaped opening.

C: are products of meiosis（减数分裂）.

D: undergo（经历） mitosis in the sac in which they are produced.

E: divide immediately by meiosis.

正确答案是D

7. Which of the following statements about embryo sac（胚囊） development in Lilium（百合属植物） is FALSE? 

Development involves two four-nucleate stages.A:All four megaspore（大孢子,〈种子植物的〉胚囊） nuclei participate.

Development involves two four-nucleate stages.B:There is no wall formation（形成） during megasporogenesis（大孢子发生）.

Development involves two four-nucleate stages.C:At the micropylar end

Development involves（包括）two four-nucleate stages.D: three haploid（单倍体） nuclei are formed.

Development involves two four-nucleate stages.E:At the chalazal（系带）end

正确答案是 two triploid nuclei are formed.

8. Which of the following processes is NOT initiated（开始） by double fertilization（授精）? 

A: endosperm（胚乳） formation

B: embryo（胚芽） formation

C: seed coat formation

D: fruit formation

E: embryo sac formation

正确答案是E

9. When the stamens mature before the stigmas（柱头） of the same flower become receptive（能接纳的）, a plant is said to be: 

A: protandrous（雄蕊先熟的）.

B: protogynous.

C: monoecious（雄雌同株的）

D: dioecious）（雌雄异体的）

E: monogamous（单配的, 一雌一雄的）

正确答案是A

10. A unique（独特的）characteristic of angiosperms（被子植物） is: 

A: single-pored pollen grains.

B: single-pored spores.

C: a dominant（显性的） sporophyte （孢子体, 孢子形成体）

D: vascular tissue. 

E: closed carpels.

正确答案是E

11. Which of the following statements about stamens is FALSE? 

A: In some woody magnoliids they are broad, colored, and scented（有香味的）.

B: In some archaic（古老的） angiosperms（被子植物） they are fleshy.

C: In most angiosperms they have been modified into nectaries（蜜腺, 蜜管）.

D: In some specialized flowers they are fused （保护）with the corolla（花冠）.

E: In certain plant families they have become sterile（不育的）.

正确答案是C

12. Large, dull-colored flowers with strong odors（气味）and inferior（下的） ovaries（子房） are most likely pollinated（对...授粉） by: 

A: bees.

B: birds.

C: beetles

D: butterflies. 

E: flies and mosquitoes（蚊子）.

正确答案是C

13. Which of the following statements about wind-pollinated flowers is FALSE? 

A:They have well-exposed（暴露的） stamens.

B:They have well-exposed stigmas.

C:They evolved directly from gymnosperms（裸子植物）.

D:They have ovaries with single ovules（胚珠）.

E:They do not produce nectar.（花蜜）

正确答案是C

14. Which of the following are colorless but can contribute to the ivory or white colors of flowers?

A:anthocyanins（花青素） 

B:flavonols（黄酮醇）  

C:cyanidins 

D:carotenoids（类胡罗卜素）

E:betacyanins（花青苷）

正确答案是B

15. A pineapple（菠萝）is an example of a(n): 

A:drupe（核果）

B:fruitlet.（小果实）

C:simple fruit

D:multiple fruit （复合果）

E:aggregate fruit. （聚合果）

正确答案是D

16. A dehiscent（裂开性的）fruit derived from a single carpel that splits（裂开）along two sides is a: 

A:capsule.（蒴果） 

B:legume （荚果）

C:samara.（翼果）

D: cypsela（连萼瘦果）. 

E: schizocarp.（分裂果）

正确答案是B

17. Which of the following is NOT an adaptation specific to fruits or seeds dispersed by animals? 

A: sweet taste

B:brightly colored flesh 

C:wings

D:hooks（钩） and barbs （倒钩）

E:elaiosomes

正确答案是C

Flowers, fruits and seeds Part B

1. The collective term for the male structure of a flower is the ___. 

A:calyx（花萼）

B:corolla（花冠）

C:anther （花粉囊）

D:stamen 

正确答案是D

2. Pollination ___ in flowering plants.

A: preceeds fertilization

B:follows fertilization 

C:may preceed or follow fertilization

D:occurs at the same time as fertilization 

正确答案是A

3. The collective term for sepals（萼片） is the ___. 

A:petal （花瓣）

B:corolla （花冠）

C:calyx （花萼）

D:receptacle （花托）

正确答案是C

4. Pollen is produced in chambers located within the ___. 

A:anther（花粉囊）

B:filament （花丝）

C:style

D:ovary

正确答案是A

5. A pistil（雌蕊） consists of units called ___. 

A:ovules （.胚珠）

B:pollen 

C:gynoecia（雌蕊群,雌蕊）

D:carpels 

正确答案是D

6. Double fertilization occurs when ___. 

A:sperm and egg fuse（融合） to form two zygotes（受精卵） 

B:one sperm fuses with an egg and another sperm fuses with the polar nuclei 

C:two sperm fuse with the polar nuclei 

D:one sperm fuses with an egg and another sperm fuses with the synergid（助细胞） cells 

正确答案是B

7. A monocot is not identified （识别, 鉴别）by ___. 

A:flower parts arranged in 3's or multiples（倍数,成倍的） of 3 

B:parallel（平行的） leaf venation  

C:vascular bundles of the stem arranged in a concentric（同中心的） ring

D:absence of secondary growth 

正确答案是C

8. Plants that have staminate（有雄性花蕊的）and pistillate（有雌蕊的, 只有雌蕊的）flowers on the same individual are called ___. 

A:dioecious（雌雄异体的）

B: deciduous（每年落叶的）

C:monoecious（雄雌同株的）

D:perfect

正确答案是C

9. The inflorescence（花, 花序）of a plant with flowers indirectly attached by very short pedicels（花梗） or directly attached to the main flowering stalk （茎, 柄, 梗, 秆）is classified as ___. 

A:corymb（伞状花序）

B:spike  （穗状花序）

C:raceme （总状花序）

D:panicle （圆锥花序）

正确答案是B

10. Sunflowers, such as Helianthus spp（向日葵属的植物）., have an inflorescence type called a ___. 

A:spike

B:raceme

C:corymb 

D:head （头状花序）

正确答案是D

11. The most common pollination vector(s) is (are) the ___. 

A:insects

B:birds

C:mammals（哺乳动物）

D:wind 

正确答案是D

12. Which fruit is classified as a drupe（核果）? 

A:tomato 

B:cherry （樱桃）

C:orange 

D:watermelon （西瓜）

正确答案是B

13. A fruit that develops from many carpels of a single flower is classified as a (an) ___. 

A:multiple fruit

B:drupe 

C:schizocarp （分裂果）

D:aggregate fruit

正确答案是D

14. The most important food crop in the world has a grain fruit type called ___. 

A:caryopsis （颖果）

B:achene （瘦果）

C:nut  （坚果）

D:legume  （荚果）

正确答案是A

15. A perfect flower can be an incomplete flower. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是A

16. A flower with its sepals（萼片）, petals（花瓣）and stamen(s) inserted below the ovary is considered to have an inferior（下位的） ovary. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是B

17. A flower that appears darker toward the center to insects probably has nectar（花蜜） guides. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是A

18. Some plants produce a chemical that mimics the pheromone （信息素）of some insects. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是A

Water in Plants

1. Molecules（分子） moving from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration are said to be moving against a diffusion （扩散）gradient（梯度）. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是B

2. During imbibition（吸入）, large molecules such as cellulose and starch will develop electrical charges and attract （吸引）water molecules. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是A

3. Translocation（迁移, 移动） is the process whereby（为何） water vapor （水蒸气）is expelled from the leaf. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是B

4. The pressure-flow hypothesis（假设）states that organic solutes flow from a source（来源） to a sink（下沉）. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是A

5. Essential（本质的,基本的） elements are those nutrients that are needed by the plant in very small amounts. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是B

6. Commercial（商业的）fertilizer contains primarily nitrogen（氮）, phosphorous（磷）, and potassium（钾）. 

A:True

B:False

正确答案是A

7. The pressure that develops against the cell wall as a result of water entering the vacuole （液泡）of the cell is called 

A:osmotic potential （渗透压）

B:plasmolysis.

C:pressure potential.

D:diffusion.

正确答案是C

8. When a plant cell is placed in a salt solution, it looses water because 

A:the water potential inside the cell is greater than outside. 

B:the water potential outside the cell is great than inside.

C:the pressure potential increases. 

D:the vacuolar membrane is permanently （永久地）destroyed. 

正确答案是A

9. Plants require water for 

A:enzyme（酶） and chemical activity.

B:cell content

C: photosynthesis.

D:all of the above

正确答案是D

10. The theory that explains the pulling force of water as it evaporates（蒸发） from leaves is called the 

A: root pressure theory.

B:cohesion（结合）-tension（张力, 牵力） theory

C:pressure-flow hypothesis.

D:active transport theory.

正确答案是B

11. Which of the following substances is associated with the deflation of guard cells? 

A:abscisic acid 

B:nitrogen

C:mannitol （甘露醇）

D:proline （脯氨酸）

正确答案是A

12. Which element is associated with guard cell expansion （扩展）and deflation（缩小）? 

A:N

B:P

C:K

D:N1

正确答案是C

13. Which type of plant might have a recessed stomatal apparatus? 

A:tropical 

B:desert 

C:marine （海的）

D:aquatic 

正确答案是B

14. What is the term used to describe the loss of liquid water from the surface of a leaf? 

A:transpiration （蒸腾作用）

B:bulk flow

C:pressure flow 

D:guttation

正确答案是D

15. What is the name of the process whereby sugar enters sieve tubes by means of active transport?  

A: phloem-loading

B:guttation 

C:bulk flow

D:cohesion （凝聚）

正确答案是A

16. Which of the following elements is a macronutrient（大量营养素）?

A:copper （铜）

B:iron

C:magnesium （镁）

D:manganese （锰）

正确答案是C