王巍的博客

 

Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见, 一路顺风

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★      luck  n. 运气, 幸运

he is in luck/out of luck.

You never know your luck.     

There is luck in everything.    

 It’s all luck   

Lucky at cards, unlucky in love.

Good luck

bless you 保重

Break your leg=good luck

lucky dog 幸运儿

lucky day 幸运日 : It’s my lucky day.今天我真幸运

Unlucky

Luckily adv.

 

★captain  n. 船长

★sail  v. 航行

★harbour  n. 港口

port  air port

 

★proud  adj. 自豪

be proud of : 以...为自豪

Parents are proud of their children.

pride n.  take pride in 以... 为自豪

I m proud of you/ our country.

It was a proud moment for him when he shook hands with the president.

I’m fat, I’m short, but I’m proud of that.

I

★important  adj. 重要的

importance  n.

 

【Text】

Lesson 12  Goodbye and good luck  再见, 一路顺风

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Where is Captain Alison going and how?

 

【课文讲解】

Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow.

Portsmouth  朴次茅斯(英国港市)

We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning.

将来时态 early in the morning : 一大早

late in the afternoon   傍晚

meet somebody+地点 去某地接某人

see somebody off  送行, 目送

I'll meet you at the station.

He who has one enemy will meet him everywhere.

Jack arranged to meet me tomorrow.

How are we to meet the challenge?

His income is inadequate to meet his basic needs.

He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat.

in his small boat, Topsail : Topsail is a famous little boat.

1、英文写作中尽量避免用同一个词

2、little……往往倾注了一定的感情 small……没有感情

famous : 好的评价

It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.

sailed across : 横渡 the Atlantic : 大西洋

the school is across the street.

His arms are across the chest.

An idea came across my mind.

I came across an old friend on my way to the post office.

over……过桥

once  twice   three times......

表示次数的时候, for 一定不能加

I do something twice.

Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time.

set out : 出发 set off     begin something

plenty: enough    而a lot of : 指客观上的多

plenty of : I have plenty of money.相对多的概念

see--visit    Can I see it?

We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.

say goodbye to somebody;  say hello to;   say sorry to

I said hello to him this morning.

You must say sorry to somebody.

He will be away for two months.

be away   He has been there.  leave……短暂性动词不能和段时间连用

He will leave. 不用段时间

be+形容词(介词短语)――系表结构表状态来代替

arrive ……                   be here/there

leave  ……                   be away

die    ……                   be dead

join(也是瞬间动词)   ……   be a soldier/in the army

不是说瞬间动词不能用完成时态, 而是指不能与段时间连用, 一旦要用段时间就要将其变为 “系表结构” 即 “be + 形容词或介词短语构成” .

He has been away for two hours.

He left two hours ago.点时间

We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.

Take part in;   enter for

I have entered for the meeting, but now I don't want to take part in the meeting.

横渡大西洋的比赛 across the Atlantic  介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面

On the desk   the book is on the desk.

at the door.  The person at the door.

总结

和水面有关, 横渡……across

meet somebody+地点 see somebody off

be away

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

一般将来时

be+副词 be in ;  Is Tom in? Tom isn’t in  在家

be out 出去    be away : 离开    be on : 上映   The film is on.

be back 会来   be up to something:胜任某件事情, 能够做某件事

be over 结束    Game is over.

 

set    set out  set off    set up

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2  Topsail ______ .

a.will win the race across the Atlantic b.has won the race across the Atlantic

c.will be in the race across the Atlantic d.was in the race across the Atlantic

2.Topsail...C

will...将要完成

has... 已经完成

be in the race : take part in the race 参加比赛

at the race 在比赛场地观看比赛

拜访某地 call at

在某个小地点 at the airport

 

3  Our neighbour, ______ name is Charles Alison, will sail tomorrow.

a.whose b.whose his c.his d.of whom

3....A

be in the race : take part in the race

 

 

一般将来时

1.  常见的时间状语

In future  tomorrow  next week  next year    some day  soon=shortly  sooner or later

2. 将来某时要发生的动作

I will arrange it for you

She will go abroad with her parents.

3 be going to 表示计划和打算,口语性更强.

I’m going to buy a new coat this fall.

汉译英练习

下个星期她就18岁了.

She will be eighteen next week.

飞机在罗马会停吗?

Will the plane stop in Rome?

快下雨了

It’s going to rain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★group  n. 小组, 团体

group : 指合唱团 如 : Back Street 后街男孩

band n.乐队 如 : 零点乐队, 只有一个主唱

 

★pop singer  流行歌手

pop :popular adj.受欢迎的

pop song(music)流行音乐

pop star : 歌星

 

★club  n. 俱乐部

night club 夜总会

 

★performance  n. 演出

-mance 名词标志

perform v 演出

 

★occasion  n. 场合

中文 : 在某种场合, 某种条件下, 某种环境中

英文 : occasion = time : 时候

this occasion; on the(this)occasion.

Occasionally adv.＝sometimes 有时候, 偶尔

on the occasion; occasionally

This is not an occasion for jokes.

Great occasions make great men.

He calls on me on occasion.

From the distance came the sound of occasional shots.

 

【Text】

Lesson 13  The Greenwood Boys  绿林少年

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Why will the police have a difficult time?

 

【课文讲解】

全文几乎都是将来时态

汉译英要学会缩句 : 找谓语动词

The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers.

...are a gruop of six girls.

At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.

at present  目前

up to now/so far 到目前为止

nowadays adv.目前

be doing 正在做某事

visit v.拜访、参观; (歌手)巡演

all parts of the country 全国各地

all parts of the world 全世界各地; 介词用in

in all parts of the world 在全世界各地

All over the country

visit+地点, 表示去某地

They stay in all parts of the world.

某某人到中国访问 visit china

带有职业相关目的 visit some place

They will be arriving here tomorrow.

将要到达这里 be arriving here

will be doing 将来进行时态; 理解为一般将来时的另一种形式;

将来进行时态的意思往往等于一般将来时态.

They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.

We will be acting.我们将要行动了

...will be coming by train...

,..will be meeting them...

and conj.连接

the young people in the town 镇上的年轻人(介词短语作定语)

most of the young people in the town 镇上的大部分年轻人

most of...大多数的

most of the books; most of the time

most of + the...(一定要加‘the’)

most of the young people

most young people

most students/most of the students.

Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.

tomorrow evening 明天晚上

...will be singing...将演出, 避免重复, 使用sing

at the Workers'Club 在工人俱乐部

yesterday evening 昨天晚上

this evening 今天晚上

night:last night 昨天夜间; tonight 今天夜间;

tomorrow night 明天夜间; next night 第二天晚上

The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.

逗留五天...will be staying here for five days

During this time, they will give five performances.

演出五场...give five performances

As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions

as usual 象往常一样

He was late as usual.

It is usual with/for him to go to the office on foot.

He looked more conceited than usual.

Usually

The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything.

Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most of people don’t recognize them.

The police will have a difficult time...

have a good time 玩得开心; have a hard time 生活得艰辛

have a difficult time.日子不象平时那样惬意

try to do 设法做某事, 尽力做某事

keep order 维持次序

...on these occasion(s)每逢这种场合

the same 表示情况相同

 

【Key structures】 关键句型

将来进行时

用一般将来时和将来进行时所表达的含义是一致的.

 

一般将来时 : shall/will + 动词原形

１.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.

２.将来时的其他结构;

基本结构 : shall/will + 动词原形

 

Ⅰ : be going to do something 打算做某事; be gonna[美语]

He'll lose.

与打算无关含义的句子, will与be going to do 不能互换

be going to 与will对比; 下列情况须用will

I'll be sixteen years old next year.

 

Ⅱ : be + to do sth.表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见

Eg: I am to have a holiday.

 

Ⅲ : be about to do sth.即将做某事.

 

Ⅳ : will be doing 表示将要做某事

 

Ⅴ : be doing(瞬间动词)表示将来时态

Go, come arrive, leave, die, land, and join

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

名词所以格 :

(a)在单数名词及不以 -s 结尾的人名后加 's;

(b)在规则的复数名词的 -s 后面加所有格符号 ';

(c)在以 -s 结尾的单数名词后加 -'s;

(d)在以 -s 结尾的人名后面即可以用 's 也可以用所有格符号 ';

 

in twenty minutes' time

3 minutes' walk(drive) 走路或开车三分钟的路程

How much minced meat...? (碎肉)

I want ten pounds' worth of minced meat.

 

Exercise 8. How much damage was there?

            哪儿有多大的损失?

A.There was a hundred pounds'worth of damage.

 

〖语法精粹〗P17 4

4.I want (      ).

A.a dollar worth candy

B.candy a dollar's worth

C.a dollar's worth of candy

D.a dollar worth's candy

 

Answer : C is right.

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5  During this time, they will give five performances. That's what they'll do ______ this time.

a.in b.on c.fo d.while

5....in...

during this time: 在这段期间

during和in之间有区别, 但是它们之间却是近义词

during this time=in this time

this time: 这一次

 

6  The police will have a difficult time ______ .

a.as usuall b.as usual c.than usua d.from usual

6.....

as usual:像往常一样

 

7  The police ______ expecting the singers to arrive soon.

a.is b.are c.will d.was

7.....b....

the people,the police,the cattle,复数

 

8  They are pop singers. So ______ .

a.they are folk singers b.they are public singers

c.everyone likes them d.no one likes them

8...c...

pop=popular:受欢迎的, everyone likes; folk:民间的, 民族; public:公众的

 

12  It's always the same on these occasions. It's always the same at ______ like this.

a.situation b.conditions c.place d.times

12....d...

on these occasions:在一个时候

situation: 情况, in the situation

condition: 状态, 条件, in the condition

 

11  The Greenwood Boys will give five performances. They will give five ______ .

a.recital b.executions c.play d.songs

11....

recital:朗诵, 演出(对外公开)

execution: 演出(倾向技巧)

play: 戏剧

songs: 歌子

 

【语法精粹】一般将来时 P11

1."The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 o'clock"

"But__ｃ___a delay."

A.it will be       B.there'd be

C.there will be    D.there is

schedule:按计划, delay:延迟, 拖延和耽误

将来时态: 在A 和 C 中

it be:它是,be动词的后面一旦加名词, 往往认为主语和名词之间是等号关系

there be:哪儿有(某地有某物), 有某事发生

There will be a meeting.那儿将开会

There was a fire.发生大火

 

2.He'll leave for Paris before you__ｃ___next week.

A.will come back     B.will be back

C.come back          D.came back

before,状语从句的标志

在状语从句中不可能出现将来时, 都被一般现在时态取代

 

3.Our next meeting__ｃ___on 1st December

A.has been held       B.will hold

C.is to be held       D.is holding

 

be to,将来的标志, 是将来还是被动

 

4.Where__c___a will,there is a way.

A.there will have     B.has been there

C.there is            D.there has been.

是个谚语, 直接记忆, “有志者事竞成” , “哪儿有愿望, 哪儿就有路”

where 引导的是地点主语从句

 

5.It__b___be Wednesday tomorrow.

A.is going to     B.will

C.is about to     D.is to

一般的情况可以互换, 遇上没有办法打算和计划安排的, 只能用will be

be about to:计划打算; be to:计划打算; be going to :计划打算

will,单纯的表将来

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?

 

要求整篇文章背诵

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★amusing  adj. 好笑的, 有趣的

amused:感到好笑的

amuse v.

动词后面会加人做宾语

The story amused me.

The story is amusing.

I am amused.

interesting:有意思

His answer is amusing.

 

The book is interesting.

The book is amusing.

funny:好笑的, 可以指贬义, 开心的, 令人开心的

interesting/funny story

 

★experience  n. 经历

经验 : 不可数名词:He has a lot of experience.

经历 : 可数名词:He has a lot of experiences.

+s(a/an),经历; 原形, 经验

experienced:有经验的

He is an experienced doctor.

man of experience

Please tell us your experiences in Shenzhen?

 

 

★wave  v. 招手

wave to sb;向某人招手

Wave a flag

She waved a fan before her face.

Wave N.

Wave one's hair.  a permanent wave

Cold wave

Heat wave

Waves urge waves.

 

★lift  n. 搭便车

be动词+形容词/介词

be动词后面不能是名词, 一旦是名词, 就认为主语和后面的名词是等号关系

I am a teacher.(对)

I was a lift.(错)

take a bus/taxi/lift

take a lift:搭便车

I take a lift.

The student gave me a lift.

give sb a lift:让某人搭便车

B wants to take a lift.

A will give B a lift.

thumb lift :拇指便车(向过路车辆竖起拇指表示要求免费搭车)

I want to take a lift.

Your telephone call really lifted my spirits.

The good news gave us a lift.

 

★reply  v. 回答

answer

作为不及物动词是一样的 : He answered/replied.

作为及物动词就不一样了 : answer sth/reply to sth.

answer the letter : 回信

I will reply to the letter.回信

Please reply at your earliest convenience.

 

★language  n. 语言

native language : 母语

mother tongue : 母语(口语)

The native language is Chinese.

My mother tongue is Chinese.

 

★journey  n. 旅行

the journey of life.

begin a trip : 开始一个旅行

begin a journey

trip,travel,tour

trip : 短距离旅行或出差(时间或距离上较短)

go on business/go on a trip

He made a trip to the Great Wall yesterday.

travel : 周游(长途)

Travel around the world

tour,为了玩

tourist : 游客

I toured Europe last summer.

He is going to make a round-the-world tour.

journey : 所有的旅行

go on a journey, 3 days' journey(三天路程)

2 hours' journey

voyage : 旅行(海上)

He got seasick during the voyage.

flight : 空中飞行

Excursion: go on an excursion

She went on excursion to Xinping.

Expedition:探险旅行

They're going to make an expedition to the South Pole.

journey : 偏重于陆地旅行

trip;travel;tour;journey;voyage;flight

 

【课文讲解】

搭便车 : take a lift

给某人搭便车 : give sb a lift

路程, 旅行 : journey

经历 : experience.

一般有意思, interesting、funny, amusing倾向于让某人笑出声

I had an amusing experience last year.

Last year [lB:st jE:, jiE] 读音 : ① 读 “雀” (英音)② ‘s’后的’t’读’d’后与’j’拼 (美音)

after,从句的标志, 后面叫时间主语从句

when,while,as : 当什么时候, until,before,after

简单句当中一个谓语, 有从句有主句, 从句一个谓语动词, 主句一个谓语动词

After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

after : 在什么什么之后, 主句的动作发生在从句之后, 从句的动作发生在主句的前面,

如果两个都是过去时, 同时发生, 会用进行时态; 如果一先一后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时(had done)

after后面的从句一个变成过去时, 一个变成过去完成时, 一定是从句用过去完成时.

before : 在什么什么之前, 主句发生在从句之前, 主句用过去完成时.

地点做介词短语修饰前面的名词

In the south of

表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词, in,on,to

没有相接的, 是相离的, to

接壤, on

在什么里面, in

drive to : 开车去某地, drive on (on:继续), on加在动词的后面表示继续

My heart will go on 《我心永恒》

On the way, a young man waved to me.

on the way : 在路上, 在途中

wave to sb : 冲某人挥手

I stopped and he asked me for a lift.

I stopped=I stopped the car.

ask sb for sth : 请求某人要求得到什么东西

As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.

as soon as : 一...就..., 后面一定要加一个句子(时间主语从句), “一” 后面的先发生

As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.

只要是状语从句, 一旦遇到将来时, 变为一般现在时

As soon as you arrive,you must call me.你一到就就打我电话

As soon as 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的

say goodbye,say sorry,say hello,say good morning to him

用某种语言 : in+某种语言

I speak English. I say a word in Chinese.

reply 要想加宾语要加 to (+要回答的内容)

in the smae language 在句中作状语, 不是replay所应回答的问题(宾语), 故用in

as soon as : 一...就...

As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.

Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.

apart from : 除了什么之外, except

Except, except for, apart from

1. When except is used at the beginning of a sentence, it is followed by for.

Apart from习惯上喜欢放句首, apart from=except=besides

There can be no knowledge apart from practice.

Apart from English, I can speak Chinese.

Apart from/Except for some spelling mistakes, your composition is very good.

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外, 还有这个人也做了, 是加号=

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外, 这个人没有做, 是减号=except

Besides:

It's too late to go to the basketball match now; besides it's beginning to rain.

He gave me a book, a pen and some money besides.

I have five other books besides this.

3.except : 从整体之中减掉, besides ; 如果放在句首, 统一用apart from

All the passengers are millionaire except us. 减号

An admission fee is charged, but children are excepted.

4.except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意

The article is very good except for his handwriting.

except for 可以不放在句首, 强调整体当中某一方面除外, 剩下的整体都不错

Except for his height, he is very excellent.

not at all : 一点点都不,强调

I don't like it. I don't like it at all.

apart from=except(文中)

Apart from my sister,I like everyone.

Apart from a few words,I don’t know any French.

一正一反地翻译

 

Neither of us spoke during the journey.

neither of [5naiTE, 5ni:TE]:注意英音与美音的读音不同

during the journey : 在旅途当中, 自始自终

 

Neither of sb, either of sb

either of sb : 什么当中的任何一个

I can’t promote either of you

neither of sb : 什么当中的任何一个都不

Neither of you can be promoted.

either,neither 都是指两个当中的任何一个

如果不只两个人, 就变成none of

none,neither一旦出现, 这句话就不会再有not

I don't like the book,My sister doesn't like it either.

Neither of us likes it.(注意要用单数)

 

部分否定

I can’t promote both of you.

All flowers in the garden are not red.

Every man can not be a poet.

Not every man can be a poet.

I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?'

when: 要看当时的具体情况, 在这里译为 : 就在此时

I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.

Do you speak English?问的是一个事实 你说英语吗?你是说英语国家的人吗?

Do you swim? 你去游泳吗? Can you swim?你会游泳吗?两者的概念是不一样的注意体会

As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'

As I learnt. learn:知道, 得知

我得知 : I learn;  我知道 : I know(我本来就知道)

As we know,the New Concept English is very good.正如我们所知... ...

As+主语+动词+逗号+句子, As : 正如

As I think,it is the hottest day in the year.

As my mother said/As I heard

As he said, English is easy to learn.

himself,反身代词单独放在句尾, 起强调作用

I read English myself.

总结

as soon as+从句, 表示时间, 一...就...

apart from=except for,放在句首, 除了什么之外

neither of:两者之间都不, 一旦出现, 这句话里面不会再出现not

三者或三者以上之间都不 : none of

As I learnt,正如......

As sb do sth,一定要加逗号, 再加另外一个句子

 

英语当中的第一句话往往起着概述的作用

有两种方式可以背诵 : 一种是硬背, 另一种是先理解, 然后按照事情的发展顺序背

【Special Difficulties】 难点

I invited everyone except George.

Except for George I invited everyone.

Except for/apart from this,everything is in order.

 

Exercise

1  (Except)(Except for) a slight headache, I feel all right now.

3  (Except)(Apart from) being a bit too long, the play was very good.

1.except for

3.apart from(Except for)

except for=apart from,喜欢放在句首

except和besides可放句子中间, besides指在整体上加上, except要从整体减掉

 

【Key structures】 关键句型

过去完成时 : 过去的过去或两个动作都在过去, 一个动作在前, 一个在后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时

过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫, 这个动作一定要发生在had done之后

after后面会加过去完成时, before后面会加一般过去时

Exercises D (用正确的时态填空)

1  The moment he had said this, he ______ (regret) it.

2  It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi.

3  When all the guests had left, Derek ______ (arrive).

1.The moment后面直接加从句, The moment = as soon as

一般过去时, regretted

2.before引导从句用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时

had begun

3.arrived,过去完成是一定要和过去的过去有关

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

a.ask and ask for

ask sth : 问什么什么东西, ask a question/ask sb

ask for sth : 要求得到, ask for the answer

 

c.which of ,either of, neither of ,both of

either of :两者当中的任何一个

neither of : 两者都不

which of :那一个, which of the two

both of : 两者都

Which of the two do you like?

I want both of them.I want either of them.I want neither of them.

 

Exercise

2  I liked them very much so I bought(neither of)(both of)them.

4  I(asked)(asked for)a question. I did not(ask for)(ask)an answer.

He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for).

 

2.both of

4.asked,ask for

5.either of,前面有not, 故只能选either of , asked

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6  I speak a few words of French. I don't know ______ French.

a.many b.much c.plenty of d.a little

6....b...

French不可数, 不能用many

plenty of : 足够多的

not much: a little

not a little: much

 

7  Neither of us spoke. We ______ .

a.neither spoke  b.either spoke c.both didn't speak d.neither didn't speak

7....c....

neither不会和not连用

either : 任何一个

both : 两个都 we both ; both of us 都对

neither of,不能说we neither,只能说neither of us

 

11  He replied in French. He ______ the writer in French.

a.responded b.answered c.returned d.remarked

11...b...

responded和replied用法一样

replied后面加宾语一定要加to, answer直接加

 

9  The young man waved to the writer. He ______ him.

a.salute b.greeted c.signalled to d.nodded

9....c...

salute : 军礼, 军人的问候 : The soldier saluted his officer.士兵的问候

greet:

 

10  He asked for a lift. He was a ______.

a.tram b.hitch hiker c.passenge d.foreigner

10...b...

tramp : 流浪汉

hitch hiker : 搭便车的人

passenger : 乘客, (指要付车钱的那种)

 

12  The writer had ______ reached the town when the young man spoke.

a.often b.almost c.sometimes d.just as

12. almost=nearly

just as 正当...时候 +从句

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lesson 15 Good news 佳音

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★secretary[si5kri:tE]  n. 秘书 注意读音    History

the Secretary of State  [美]国务卿; [英]国务大臣

a private secretary     私人秘书

Agriculture Secretary   农业部长

Interior Secretary       内政部长

Executive Secretary     行政秘书

secret[5si:krit] n v注意读音与secretary的区别

 

★nervous  adj. 精神紧张的

be nervous 事情发生时

Nervous system

A nervous disorder

A nervous patient

Nervous Nellie

When she came to see the interviewer, Jone was nervous at first but soon composed herself.

The old woman felt nervous as she tried to cross the busy road

Nervous：

worried : 为以后的事情担心

upset:不安的 (对以前的事情)

edgy：不安的 急躁的

 

★afford  v. 负担得起

1、afford sth. : I can afford the coat (东西)

I’m not able to afford a new car.

I can afford the hoilday.有时间去

I can't afford an hour for lunch.

2、afford money/time : I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book.

Afford to do sth. : I can afford to buy the book.

I can't afford to waste of time.

(can/can’t)afford sth.前面一般都要加情态动词 “can/can’t”

The transaction afforded him a good profit.

The records afford no explanation.

 

★weak  adj. 弱的

Weak defenses

不牢固的防御工事

sorrowful and difficult existence.

He always looked dejected.

【Text】

Lesson 19  Sold out  票已售完

When will the writer see the play?

Sell

I sold Tom the bicyle for 150 dollars.

I sold the bicycle ti tom for 150 dollars.

He sold his friends down the river.

The books sell well/badly/slowly/quickly.

【课文讲解】

'The play may begin at any moment,' I said.

'It may have begun already,' Susan answered.

at any moment : 在任何时候, 随时

at the moment : ＝now

at that moment : ＝just then 就在那时

I will help you at any time.我随时都会帮你

may+动词原形 “可能”

may (must,can't) have done……对过去的推测

must,can't,may+动词原形, 表示对现在、未来的推测

must : 一定, 很可能 She must be a model.

may : 有可能           She may be a model.

can't : 不可能         She can't be a model.

          She must (may, can’t) have been a model.

          I must have watched TV.

          I may have watched TV.

          I can't have watched TV.

I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.

I hurried to the ticket office. 匆忙地

May I do...?  我可以吗?(用 “may” 表示 “我可以吗?” , 只能与第一人称相连)

have 是最活跃的词, 可以指任何的意思.

Have a cup of  coffee : 喝咖啡

have ticket : 买票 (习惯用法)

I'll have/take sth. 我买...(一般不用 “buy” , 习惯用法)

'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.

sell out : 卖完了

'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed.

what a pity! 真令人遗憾!

Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.   'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked. 'Certainly,' the girl said.  I went back to the ticket office at once. 'Could I have those two tickets please?' I asked.

Can(May) I...?  我可以...吗?

Can you...?  你可以...吗?(第二人称不能用 “may” 来表示 “你可以....吗?” , 只能用 “can you....?” )

Could I...? 我现在可以...吗?(在问句中更委婉的说法, 比can I 更礼貌些)

they指tickets

'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still want them?''

for next Wednesday's performance

用名词所有格来取代时间 : “...时间的”

用介词for, 起修饰作用

  ticket for+事情

  ticket to+地点

May I have a ticket to Tianjing?

  May I have a ticket for the sports meeting?

  May I have a ticket?  (英文中的问句, 常常起礼貌作用)

  May I have your name? 比 “What’s your name?” 更有礼貌些

still : 还……可以和任意时态连用

still, yet……都和完成时态连用(原先认为)

want them [wCnWem] 注意连读

I might as well have them,' I said sadly.

might as well,may as well+动词原形, “还是...好” (无可奈何)

had better : “最好” +动词原形(积极心态)

I might as well take the umbrella with me.

I haven’t got anything to do, so I may as well come with you.

共有的概念 “推测”

十七课 : 对现在的推测

十九课 : 对现在和过去的推测

不在于must,may,can't是什么时态, 而在于后面加的是原形还是have done.

加原形是对现在的推测, 加have done对过去的推测.

  may : ⑴推测 “可能”

      ⑵ “可以”   May I do sth.? 我可以做某事吗?

⑶ may,might(can,could) 对语气的强弱

I. 除了 “might” “could” 是 “may” “can” 的过去式的概念外

II. 在表达 “可以... 吗?” 时, 可以用 “might” “could” 替换 “may” “can” , 而区别在于语气上更委婉些

III. 在表示 “推测” 句型中, 并不用 “might” “could” 来表示对过去的推测, 只能是 “推测” 的可能性比 “may” “can” 更小些的意思, must->may->might->can’t(推测的可能性语气下降)

may as well=might as well “还是...好”

上述所讲是对现在和未来的推测, 对过去的推测要用虚拟语气

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2 The writer ______ .

A.was very pleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance

b.didn't buy tickets for next Wednesday's performance

c.didn't want tickets for next Wednesday's performance

d.wasn't too pleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance

2. (D)

be pleased to do 对做什么事感到很开心

文中用了 “might as well”

  be pleased to. . 高兴

  be too pleased to 太高兴

be not too pleased to

  too...to...太怎么样以至于没做(too old to learn太老而不能学)

  not too...to...太怎么样以至于还是做了(not too old to learn 不是太老还可以学)

 

3 The play may begin at any moment. It ______ .

A.has begun b.won't begin for a long time

c.hasn't begun yet d.began a long time ago

3. C

may+动词原形; 对现在或未来动作的推测

a.       has begun 已经完成, 说明已经做了

b.      won’t begin for a long time 好久都不会开始

c.       began a long time ago 过去做了

 

7 I might as well have them. I am ______ to have them.

A.very pleased b.very glad c.not very glad d.delighted

7. C

 

9  ‘What a pity!’ Susan exclaimed. Susan was ______ .

a.pleased b.glad c.sorry d.amused

9. C

 

 

Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★park  v. 停放(汽车)

Parking, stop

stop the car : 车在运动中停下来

park : 停放

parking area : 停车场

Don't park your books on my desk

Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in.

a commercial park.  商业区

Hyde park

landscape park

天然公园

metropolitan park

城市公园

national park

国家公园; 禁猎(伐)区

sea park

海洋公园

Seashore park

海滨公园

 

★traffic  n. 交通

traffic police : 交通警

traffic lights : 交通灯,另义为拐弯口, 红绿灯, 十字路口

first crossing/turning : 叉路口, 拐角

traffic jam : 交通堵塞

traffic block：

in the traffic jam

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam

The city streets are full of traffic

heavy traffic : 繁重的交通

in heavy traffic : 交通拥挤

I was ordered to drive in heavy traffic.

internal traffic：国内运输

international traffic 国际交通运输

He has a good knowledge of international traffic.

The police attempted to stop the illegal drug traffic

 

★ticket   n. 交通违规罚款单

a railway ticket

ticket inspector

Ticket Agent

Ticket office

a lottery ticket

 

★note  n. 便条

message : 消息

note : 纸条, 纸钞

make notes : 做笔记

a note of invitation

leave a note for sb.

He left a note saying he would see us again.

Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.

There was a note of carelessness in the way she acted

I changed a ten-yuan note at the bank, because I needed some coins for the ticket machine.

 

★area  n. 地段

area : 场地, 地段(一块对方), 大地点, 小地点都可以

place : 地点

region : 地区(交战, 开火)

district ：

province：

municipality：

autonomous region：

zone：

country ：

city ：

county：

township：

village：

In this region,there were a lot of wars.战火连绵

 

★sign  n. 指示牌

★reminder  n. 提示

remind v. : 提示, 提醒

remind sb of sth : An older photo can remind me of my childhood.

                   You remind me of your mother.

Once a man repents, stop reminding him of what he did.

remind sb to do sth:

he reminds me to close the windows when I leave.

I have to remind him that things have changed.

Oh, that reminds me. I have to go and see my doctor.

reminder : 可以指人, 可以指物, 如上例中的an older photo,you

 

★fail  v. 无视, 忘记

fail v.失败

1、fail+宾语 : 失败做某事

When I wanted his help he failed me.

2、fail in doing sth : 在某些方面失败

He failed./He failed (in) examination. “in” 可省略

3、fail to do : 没有能够在某事

He failed to swim acrooss the river.

4、not fail to do sth.一定能够某事

I can not fail to pass it.

You can not fail to drive it.你一定能够驾驶

If you receive a request like this, you can not fail to obey it.

If you arrived in yangshuo , you cannot fail to find the zhuoyue.

 

★    obey  v. 服从

Soldiers have to obey orders.

Disobey:

She disobeyed her mother and went to the party

 

【课文讲解】

fail,fail to do sth,not fail to do sth : 一定能够做

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.

park : 停放

in the wrong place

wrong : 不合适的, right : 合适的

He is the right person who you are looking for.

They met (A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time.

You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time.

真实条件句 : 假设很有可能发生.If it snows

只要是状语从句, 一律用一般现在取代一般将来

如果在条件从句中, 从句往往是一般现在时, 主句仍然为一般将来时

真实条件句中, 从句往往为现在时, 主句中会用一般将来时或祈使句

If he is sleeping, don't wake him up.

You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.

If 引导的叫条件句, without后面的名词也叫条件

Without +n. : 如果没有

Without water,fish cannot live.

However, this does not always happen.

however=but,然而

however常常放在句首或句子中都可以, but习惯放在两个句子之间

but转折性语义比较强, however转折语义比较弱

This, however, dose not always happen.

This dose not always happen, however.

However 做状语

However/No matter how hard he tries, he will never succeed.

Whenever

Wherever

How did you find it?

However did you find it?

Traffic police are sometimes very polite.

sometimes : 有几次, 有时, 偶尔

During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car:

 on my car : 指车的外面

'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.'

 

sir,直接称呼的时候不和姓相连

1.表示尊称 sir; mister的后面一定要加姓, sir的后面不能加姓 sir/madam(女士)

 

2.可以不知道对方姓什么, 只要知道对方是男性就可以

welcome sb to+地点 : 欢迎某人来某地

pay attention to : 注意(思想上)

if.真实条件

You will enjoy your stay here,enjoy : 享受, stay(n.)

I have enjoyed my stay here.我已经在这儿很快乐了

Enjoy your stay here.祝你玩得开心

Only a reminder==not a ticket

If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!

Receive a request like this, cannot fail to obey it

Failure is the mother of success.  

Failure teaches success.

总结

1、主句会有祈使句, 一般将来时, 情态动词

2、without+名词 : 如果没有, 起了条件的作用

withou your help/rain

3、however=but,往往一出现, 前后都有标点符号隔开, 后面会加逗号, but不会

 

【Key structures】 关键句型

真实条件句中, 从句往往为现在时, 主句中会用一般将来时,祈使句或情态动词.

If I have enough money, I will buy a new car.

If they keep on stealing, they will reap what they sow.

If you haven’t finished with that book, you can keep it for one more day.

If you make a mistake, correct it.

If you don’t like the food, don’t eat it.

Please don’t disturb him if he is busy.

Exercises C

1 If it ______ (rain), I shall take an umbrella with me.

2 You never ______ (pass) this test if you don't work hard.

3 If he ______ (be) here before 10 o’clock, I shall see him.

4 If he plays well, he ______ (get) into the team.

5 If he ______ (enjoy) concerts, why doesn't he come with us?

6 Tell him to wait for me if he ______ (be)not in a hurry.

1. Rains, shall do

2. Will never pass

3. is

4. Will get

5.enjoys, why doesn't跟第三人称连用, 是一种建议; why not连在一起表示建议

6. Is

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

police,一定会做复数看待

 

b. pay attention to,care,take care of,look after

pay attention to : 思想上注意, notice : 眼睛上的注意

care : 关心, 在意, I don't care : 我不在乎, who cares : 我不在乎(谁在乎!)

take care of==look after : 照顾, 照料

 

c. remind and remember

remind : 提醒, remind sb of sth, remind sb to do sth

remember : 记起, 记得

(1) Do you remember? 你想起来了吗?remember sth

(2) remember 记得吗?(可以单独用)

(3) remember to do sth : 记得要去做, remember to send the letter

    remember doing sth : 记得已经做了,I remembered sending the letter.

Remember sb to your another : 前者向后者表示问候

Remember me to your mother : 代我向你母亲问好

送行 : Goodbye

Have you enjoy your stay here? I have enjoyed my stay here.

Remember me to your family.代我向你的家人问好

Today I will meet sb at the airport/station.

Hello,good morning,/afternoon.

Long time no see.

How are you? Fine, thank you, and you? I am fine too,thank you.

Welcome to Beijing.

 

多看看英文原版影片, 如《与狼共舞》等

 

Exercise (选择正确的词)

1 You can only learn if you (look after)(pay attention).

2 Don’t forget to (remind) (remember) me about it tomorrow.

3 The police (is knocking)(are knocking)at the door.

4 Our neighbours will (pay attention to) (look after)our house when we are away.

5 (Remind me) (Remember me) to your wife.

 

1...pay attention...

 look after……look+prep.+宾语

 pay attention(to sth.) : 注意

只有当你注意的时候, 你才会学到东西.

2....remind...

remind sb.of sth.

remind sb.about sth.

think of = think about : 思考, 考虑

3....are knocking...

4....look after... 照料

5....Remember me...   典型的问候语, “向某人表达问候”

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

1 Traffic police are ______ .

a. occasionally very polite b. never very polite

c. always very polite d. seldom very polite

1...

seldom : 很少(否定意思)相当于 “not” 来理解

occasionally=sometimes : 偶尔

hardly : 几乎不(否定意思)

I'hardly went there.

 

6‘No Parking’means ______ .

a. don't leave your car here b. without parking

c. don't stop d. there's no room to park here

  No Parking:

  park : 停放(侧重放)

  stop : 让运动中的东西停下来

  Leave sth.here

  leave : 离开, 留下来, 丢在某地(一定要加宾语和地点)

I left keys at home. 

      I left my wallet in the taxi.

 

7 This note is only a reminder. It's _____.

a. nothing b. no one c. nothing extra d. nothing more

  Only

  nothing : 东西, 事情

no one : 人

nothing extra : ×

nothing more : √

nothing……不定代词

不定代词的修饰词, 要放在不定代词的后面

anything important : 重要的事情

It is nothing,他什么都不是.

 

extra做定语时, 一定要放在被修饰词前面 one extra thousand

  Two more.../...more 可以放在被修饰词前面或后面

 

9 You will enjoy your stay. It will ______ you.

a. amus b. enjoy c. laugh at d. please

9....d...

  enjoy的典型用法 : 主语从宾语身上得到享受

Laugh at (sb.): 嘲笑某人 ([ lB:fEt ])

Amuse (sb.): 让某人笑出来

Please (sb.): 让某人高兴; 取悦

 

  可以直接加人的动词 :

Shock, surprise, amuse, please, worry

  共同特征 : 和人的感觉相连

be worried about : 为...担心

I am worried about my house.

  My house worries me. 我的房子让我担心.

 

 

 

 

 

sorrowful and difficult existence.

He always looked dejected.

【Text】

Lesson 19  Sold out  票已售完

When will the writer see the play?

Sell

I sold Tom the bicyle for 150 dollars.

I sold the bicycle ti tom for 150 dollars.

He sold his friends down the river.

The books sell well/badly/slowly/quickly.

【课文讲解】

'The play may begin at any moment,' I said.

'It may have begun already,' Susan answered.

at any moment : 在任何时候, 随时

at the moment : ＝now

at that moment : ＝just then 就在那时

I will help you at any time.我随时都会帮你

may+动词原形 “可能”

may (must,can't) have done……对过去的推测

must,can't,may+动词原形, 表示对现在、未来的推测

must : 一定, 很可能 She must be a model.

may : 有可能           She may be a model.

can't : 不可能         She can't be a model.

          She must (may, can’t) have been a model.

          I must have watched TV.

          I may have watched TV.

          I can't have watched TV.

I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.

I hurried to the ticket office. 匆忙地

May I do...?  我可以吗?(用 “may” 表示 “我可以吗?” , 只能与第一人称相连)

have 是最活跃的词, 可以指任何的意思.

Have a cup of  coffee : 喝咖啡

have ticket : 买票 (习惯用法)

I'll have/take sth. 我买...(一般不用 “buy” , 习惯用法)

'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.

sell out : 卖完了

'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed.

what a pity! 真令人遗憾!

Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.   'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked. 'Certainly,' the girl said.  I went back to the ticket office at once. 'Could I have those two tickets please?' I asked.

Can(May) I...?  我可以...吗?

Can you...?  你可以...吗?(第二人称不能用 “may” 来表示 “你可以....吗?” , 只能用 “can you....?” )

Could I...? 我现在可以...吗?(在问句中更委婉的说法, 比can I 更礼貌些)

they指tickets

'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still want them?''

for next Wednesday's performance

用名词所有格来取代时间 : “...时间的”

用介词for, 起修饰作用

  ticket for+事情

  ticket to+地点

May I have a ticket to Tianjing?

  May I have a ticket for the sports meeting?

  May I have a ticket?  (英文中的问句, 常常起礼貌作用)

  May I have your name? 比 “What’s your name?” 更有礼貌些

still : 还……可以和任意时态连用

still, yet……都和完成时态连用(原先认为)

want them [wCnWem] 注意连读

I might as well have them,' I said sadly.

might as well,may as well+动词原形, “还是...好” (无可奈何)

had better : “最好” +动词原形(积极心态)

I might as well take the umbrella with me.

I haven’t got anything to do, so I may as well come with you.

共有的概念 “推测”

十七课 : 对现在的推测

十九课 : 对现在和过去的推测

不在于must,may,can't是什么时态, 而在于后面加的是原形还是have done.

加原形是对现在的推测, 加have done对过去的推测.

  may : ⑴推测 “可能”

      ⑵ “可以”   May I do sth.? 我可以做某事吗?

⑶ may,might(can,could) 对语气的强弱

I. 除了 “might” “could” 是 “may” “can” 的过去式的概念外

II. 在表达 “可以... 吗?” 时, 可以用 “might” “could” 替换 “may” “can” , 而区别在于语气上更委婉些

III. 在表示 “推测” 句型中, 并不用 “might” “could” 来表示对过去的推测, 只能是 “推测” 的可能性比 “may” “can” 更小些的意思, must->may->might->can’t(推测的可能性语气下降)

may as well=might as well “还是...好”

上述所讲是对现在和未来的推测, 对过去的推测要用虚拟语气

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2 The writer ______ .

A.was very pleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance

b.didn't buy tickets for next Wednesday's performance

c.didn't want tickets for next Wednesday's performance

d.wasn't too pleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance

2. (D)

be pleased to do 对做什么事感到很开心

文中用了 “might as well”

  be pleased to. . 高兴

  be too pleased to 太高兴

be not too pleased to

  too...to...太怎么样以至于没做(too old to learn太老而不能学)

  not too...to...太怎么样以至于还是做了(not too old to learn 不是太老还可以学)

 

3 The play may begin at any moment. It ______ .

A.has begun b.won't begin for a long time

c.hasn't begun yet d.began a long time ago

3. C

may+动词原形; 对现在或未来动作的推测

a.       has begun 已经完成, 说明已经做了

b.      won’t begin for a long time 好久都不会开始

c.       began a long time ago 过去做了

 

7 I might as well have them. I am ______ to have them.

A.very pleased b.very glad c.not very glad d.delighted

7. C

 

9  ‘What a pity!’ Susan exclaimed. Susan was ______ .

a.pleased b.glad c.sorry d.amused

9. C 

Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★catch  v. 抓到

catch fish,catch thief

catch cold : 染上感冒

catch a bus : 赶车

catch one's breath : 摒住呼吸

catch sight of = see : 看见

catch fire : 着火

catch one's eyes : 吸引某人注意力

the early bird cacthes the worm.

Yellow cat, black cat as long as it catches mice, it is a good cat.

Children catch cold easily.

Capture    clutch     grasp       snatch       seize     grab  

 

★fisherman [5fIFEmEn] n. 钓鱼人, 渔民

 

★boot  n.  靴子

a pair of boots

 

★waste  n. 浪费

You are wasting time.

a waste of

It is a waste of time/money/food.

 

★realize  v. 意识到

I realized that I was wrong.

实现, realize one's dream

 

【Text】

Lesson 20  One man in a boat  独坐孤舟

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Why is fishing the writer's favourite sport?

 

 

参考译文

    钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获, 但我从不为此烦恼. 有些垂钓者就是不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不及他们. 我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有. 我总是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空着袋子回家. “你可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋友们说, “这是浪费时间. “然而他们没有认识到重要的一点, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟, 无所事事!

【课文讲解】

 Fishing is my favourite sport.

favourite

She is a favourite of her teacher’s.

She is a favourite with her teacher.

favourable

Most people are favourable to the idea.

Snowfalls in winter are favourable to the crops.

favour

He tried his best to win her favour.

Most people are in favour of reform.

He is/out of favour with his boss.

I often fish for hours without catching anything.

fish一般情况下作为不可数名词用

There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea.

fish(v.) : 钓鱼, 捕鱼

主语通常由名词和代词充当, 以及动词+ing, 如eating,reading等等

for+时间……表示一段时间

for hours=for some hours

without(prep.)

介词后面一定要加宾语, 介词后面的动词一定要加 “-ing”

动词+ing : 1.做主语; 2.做宾语

anything用在否定句中

without作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语

He went out without saying any words.

Without asking for money,the boy went to school.

without 后面的动作是主语来做的

But this does not worry me.

(v.)worry sb. 作动词一定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻

Don’t let trifle worry you.

He was always worrying his mother to take him to Maldives.

Some people never have to worry about their future.

Worry n.

Is your life full of worries.

The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.

(adj.)be worried about 主语为宾语而感到担心 

 I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.

Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.

instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在主句后面

without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事

instead of:我原准备做……但是后来做了……

I went to school instead of staying at home.我没呆在家里而是去上学了

I bought books instead of buying dresses.

She doesn’t like coffee, so give her a cup of tea.

I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots.

less+原形 : A is less ... than B  (译为不如) more beautiful / less beautiful

spend+时间+在某地 : 在某地度过……时间

trash    refuse    rubbish    waste

After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.

after(conj.)+从句, 从句主语必须是主句的主语才能换成下面一种形式

after(prep.)+名词/动词的ing形式

After I go to school,I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )

After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.

With an empty bag [wiTAn5emptIbA^] 注意连读

with: 带着(状语)

without; 没带  I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家

'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.

give up doing sth : 放弃做某事/stop doing

give up smoking.

waste :

It’s a waste of money to stay here longer.

He persuaded me not to waste my time playing games.

You are wasting your breath.

Save your breath

' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

Realize:

be interested in 主语对什么感兴趣

在船上 in a boat

not at all在否定句中起强调作用

 

【Key structures】 关键句型

细读下面的例句, 特别注意用斜体印出的以-ing结尾的词.

a  动名词作主语

Eating is always a pleasure. 吃总是一件愉快的事情.

Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看电视是我最喜爱的业馀爱好.

Reading in bed is something I always enjoy. 我总喜欢躺在床上看书

b  动名词作宾语

I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜欢骑自行车.

She is afraid of staying in that house alone. 她害怕单独住在那间屋子里.

He is capable of doing anything. 他能胜任任何事情.

c  Note how these sentences have been joined.

注意在以下例句中如何用动名词将两个短句连到一起.

He sat there. He did not say anything. 他坐在那儿, 他什么话也不说.

He sat there without saying anything. 他默默无语地坐在那里.

He turned off the radio. He left the room. 他关掉了收音机, 他离开了房间.

Before leaving the room, he turned off the radio. 离开房间之前, 他关掉了收音机.

He looked at this watch. He hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表. 他匆忙赶到火车站.

After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表之后, 就匆忙赶往火车站.

Or: After having looked at his watch, he hurried to the station.

I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉. 我打断了你的说话(工作).

I must apologize for interrupting you. 由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for having interrupted you.

I must apologize. I did not let you know earlier. 我得表示道歉. 我没有早一点让你知道.

I must apologize for not letting you know earlier. 由于没有早点让你知道, 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for not having let you know earlier.

He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次比赛.

He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我赢得这次比赛之际, 他向我祝贺.

Or: He congratulated me on having won the competition.

 

动词+ing(非谓语动词)可以做主语和宾语

b.  be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+动词ing : 喜欢做某事

    be afraid of

    be up to ,be capable of (capable [5keipEbl] adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)

    without, instead of

c. I apologize. 我道歉 (apologize [E5pClEdVaiz] vi.道歉, 辩白)

   apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉

   thank you for listening/attending

 

   for interrupting you 只强调这件事 (doing)

   for having interrupted you 强调这个动作先做了, 强调时间 (having done)

   以上两者为时间概念不同   

not doing 没做某事

congratulate sb. on doing sth. (congratulate [kEn5^rAtjuleit] vt.祝贺, 庆贺, 恭喜)

 

Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)

1. He went out of the restaurant. (without) He did not pay the bill.

1. Without

Without prep. + doing

He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.

 

2. She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.

2. instead of

She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

 

3. She was afraid. (of) She did not spend the night alone.

3. of

She was afraid of spending the night alone.

 

4. (After) she heard the news. She fainted.

4. After

after+从句; after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted. (faint [feint] n.昏晕, 昏倒 adj.虚落地, 衰弱的, 软弱的, 无力的, 微弱的, 暗淡的, 模糊的 vi.昏晕, 昏倒, 变得微弱, 变得没气力)

 

5.Think carefully. (Before) Answer my question.

5.before

Think carefully before answering my question.

在回答我的问题之前, 请仔细考虑.

 

6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover

6.on

as soon as : 一... 就... : as soon as I entered...

the moment +从句 : the moment I had entered

以上两个主语不一定是同一个人

on (prep.)+doing 两个动作必须是同一个人(即主句主语)

On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(冲进掩护体 [dAF] n.少量(搀加物), 冲撞, 破折号, 锐气, 精力, 干劲 vi.猛掷, 冲撞 vt.泼溅, 使猛撞, 搀和, 使破灭, 使沮丧, 匆忙完成)

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

细读以下例句 :

a Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.

Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing. (11. 7-8)

钓鱼没意思. 我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.

The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited. 比赛非常激动人心. 观众非常激动.

b  It's and Its. It's a waste of time. (11. 6-7)

It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天气冷. 而且正在下雨.

The cat drank its milk. 猫喝了它的牛奶.

This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力.

c  Realize and Understand. They don't realize ... (1. 7)

I realized he was mad. 我意识到他疯了.

He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.

I don't understand English. 我不懂英语.

 

Exercises(选择正确的词填空)

1. I (realized) (understood) he was not telling me the truth.

 I realized...意识到

 

2. This poem is difficult. (It's) (Its) impossible for you to (understand) (realize) (its) (it's) meaning.

...It's impossible...to understand its meaning / for sb 逻辑主语

  its形容词性物主代词    poem [5pEuim, 5pEuem] n.诗, 象诗一样, 美丽的东西

  it's = it is; it作形式主语

 

3. There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio.

3....exciting news...

excited 感动的

exciting 令人激动的

on the radio 在广播上

Eg. : I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线).

 

4.He is not an (interesting) (interested) person.

....an interesting person

interested 感兴趣的

interesting 有趣的

 

5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life.

...an exciting life     explorer [iks5plC:rE, eks-] n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器

lead a life 过着...日子

lead a happy life

Eg.; He leads a poor life.

excited 感到激动的

exciting 令人激动的

如果 -ed,-ing 做形容词即作定语时, 和被修饰词有关, 如题中, 令人激动的生活而非生活感到激动

 

6.I am not (interesting) (interested) in other people's affairs.

....not interested  in ... affairs.

interested 感兴趣的

interesting 有趣的

be interested in 对……感兴趣

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2  The writer enjoys ______ .

a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in the river

2. ...enjoys...C

catching fish 抓鱼

fishing 钓鱼

doing nothing 什么都不做

swimming in the river 在河里游泳

enjoying doing sth / enjoy + n.

I enjoy books.

I enjoy reading books.

 

6  His bag is empty. He has ______ .

a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag

6. ...He has...B

an empty bag

one empty bag

an 指一个, 强调名词

one 一个, 强调 one,强调数量

I have a garden.

I have one garden.

强调empty bag

I sent a letter.

I wrote one word.

 

7  I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ______ I'm interested in.

a.only b.the one c.all d.the only

7. ...That's...C

(that's/the) only 一般加名词

that+从句, 从句往往以特殊疑问词引导

that's why

that's when

that's all 那就是一切 (That’s all said.)

That's all(I heard).

That's all I can remember.

the one 指东西, 不指事情

 

11  He always goes ______ with an empty bag.

a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home

11. ...D

go home 习惯用法, 最佳答案

go to the house 语法正确

没有规则与语法相提并论时, 语法为大.

当语法与习惯用法相提并论时, 习惯用法为大.

Where are you going?(更习惯这么说)

Where are you going to?